Table 3. Responses to Stress Questionnaire by Place of Posting of the Study Participants.
| Variables | OPD (n = 20) |
IPD (n = 34) |
Emergency (n = 36) |
COVID clinic (n = 13) |
Theatre (n = 23) |
Swab Collection Center (n = 7) |
P Value* |
| Anxiety about being infected | 3.3 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.1) | 3.2 (0.8) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.7 (1.1) | 0.74 |
| Anxiety about infecting family | 3.8 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.2) | 3.9 (1.1) | 3.7 (1.3) | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.7 (1.1) | 0.78 |
| Burden of increase in quantity of work | 2.7 (1.1) | 2.4 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.1) | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.3 (0.9) | 3.9 (0.7) | 0.014† |
| Burden of change in quality of work | 2.8 (1.3) | 2.9 (1.4) | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.4) | 3.0 (1.5) | 4.1 (1.1) | 0.12 |
| Feeling of being avoided by others | 2.7 (1.0) | 2.7 (1.0) | 2.5 (1.2) | 2.8 (1.0) | 2.4 (0.8) | 3.6 (0.5) | 0.11 |
| Feeling of being protected by national and local governments | 1.7 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.40 |
| Feeling of being protected by hospital authorities | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.1 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.8) | 0.33 |
| Hesitation to work | 1.9 (1.0) | 2.2 (1.2) | 2.0 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.8) | 2.6 (1.4) | 0.25 |
| Feeling of being isolated | 3.1 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.3) | 3.3 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.4) | 3.1 (1.2) | 3.7 (1.4) | 0.85 |
| Feeling sad and pessimistic | 2.9 (1.4) | 3.0 (1.4) | 2.8 (1.2) | 2.5 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.3) | 3.3 (1.6) | 0.86 |
| Insomnia | 2.6 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.3) | 2.1 (0.7) | 3.3 (1.6) | 0.55 |
| Physical exhaustion |
3.0 (1.2) | 2.7 (1.4) | 2.8 (1.23) | 3.2 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.3) | 0.53 |
| Mental exhaustion |
2.7 (1.3) | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.7 (1.4) | 3.3 (1.3) | 0.74 |
| Change in motivation to work | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.9 (1.5) | 2.9 (1.5) | 3.5 (1.4) | 3.4 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.7) | 0.30 |
| Feeling of having no choice but to work due to obligation | 2.1 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.2) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.9 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.5) | 0.76 |
| Anxiety of being infected while commuting | 3.3 (1.0) | 3.1 (1.4) | 3.0 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.1) | 3.2 (1.2) | 3.1 (1.2) | 0.53 |
| Lack of knowledge about infectivity and virulence | 3.0 (1.3) | 3.3 (1.3) | 3.8 (1.1) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.4 (1.7) | 0.20 |
| Lack of knowledge about prevention and protection from infection | 3.8 (1.1) | 3.8 (1.0) | 3.4 (1.1) | 3.8 (0.6) | 3.8 (0.8) | 4.3 (0.8) | 0.33 |
| Anxiety about consequences of unsatisfactory work performance | 2.5 (1.6) | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.1) | 2.7 (1.4) | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.3) | 0.97 |
| Anxiety due to fellow colleagues testing positive | 4.3 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.1 (1.1) | 4.3 (0.9) | 3.7 (1.1) | 3.9 (0.7) | 0.38 |
| Anxiety due to being a frontline worker | 3.1 (1.1) | 3.1 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.3 (0.8) | 0.95 |
| Anxiety due to continuous media scrutiny | 2.2 (1.0) | 2.5 (1.1) | 2.5 (1.1) | 3.2 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.45) | 0.29 |
| Worrying whether family will be cared | 2.1 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.9 (1.2) | 1.3 (0.5) | 0.30 |
Figures indicate mean (standard deviation).* Independent samples Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by adjustment for multiple comparisons when P value for Kruskal–Wallis test was <0.05. † P value for swab collection versus IPD = 0.024, swab collection versus emergency = 0.012, swab collection versus theatre = 0.025. IPD: in-patient department, COVID: coronavirus disease, OPD: out-patient department.