TABLE 1.
PICO framework for study eligibility
| Parameter | Inclusion criteria |
|---|---|
| Participants | Nonclinical socioeconomicallly disadvantaged ethnic minority adolescents aged 12–18 years. |
| Intervention | Behavioral interventions: |
| ‐ Targeting a reduction in SSB intake as one of the main intervention targets | |
| ‐ Delivered in any setting (e.g., home, school and communities) | |
| ‐ Using behavior change techniques (BCTs) designed to reduce SSB intake | |
| Comparison | Control groups with no intervention (e.g., usual care, active, waitlist) |
| Outcomes | Outcome measure is SSB defined as a non‐diet, non‐alcoholic and non‐dairy cold or warm drink, carbonated or still, with added sugars. Including fruit drinks. Nectars with <100% fruit. Sports and energy drinks, sweetened tea and coffee. 4 |
| Primary outcome measures | |
| ‐ Reduction in SSB consumption quantified as difference between pre‐ and post‐intervention and where possible follow up. Quantity of SSB consumed (ml of SSB consumed per day per week) and frequency of SSB consumed (e.g., percentage of participants consuming a given quantity of SSB), purchases of SSB, energy intake from SSB (e.g., total energy intake in kcal/day or per person) will be included | |
| ‐ Studies using different types of SSBs. the outcomes could be reported separately (e.g., soft drinks and sports drinks) or collectively (i.e., all types of SSBs) | |
| Secondary outcome measures | |
| ‐ Subjective changes in knowledge/attitude/beliefs related to SSB intake | |
| Study design | Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (e.g., cRCTs). Quasi‐experimental (e.g., with pre–post designs) and one‐group pre–post studies. With baseline. Post‐intervention and where possible. Follow‐up data. |
| Exclusion criteria | |
| The following studies were excluded: | |
| ‐ Animal studies | |
| ‐ Studies conducted in adults | |
| ‐ Studies reporting only baseline data | |
| ‐ Case–control. Cohort. cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies | |
| ‐ Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (to maintain consistency and because it is difficult to interpret results from previous meta‐analyses pooling estimates from RCTs using different control groups. We decided to exclude them from the current study | |
| ‐ Meetings/congress reports | |
Abbreviation: PICO, participant, intervention, control/comparison and outcomes; RCT, randomized controlled trials; SSB, sugar‐sweetened beverage.