Table 4.
Comparisons between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients during the COVID-19 period only (between March 1st and April 31st 2020)
| COVID-19 patients N = 197 |
Non-COVID-19 patients N = 808 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 67 ± 18 | 69 ± 16 | 0.520 |
| Sex (Male), No./total (%) | 117/197 (59.4) | 559/808 (69.2) | 0.011 |
| Medical history, No./total (%) | |||
| - Diabetes | 31/197 (15.7) | 125/808 (15.5) | 0.913 |
| - Cardiovascular | 85/197 (43.1) | 393/808 (48.6) | 0.177 |
| - Respiratory | 46/197 (23.4) | 114/808 (14.1) | 0.002 |
| - Other | 51/197 (25.9) | 211/808 (26.1) | 1.000 |
| - None | 10/197 (5.1) | 36/808 (4.5) | 0.704 |
| OHCA location (home), No./total (%) | 173/197 (87.8) | 646/774 (83.5) | 0.153 |
| OHCA cause, No./total (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| - Cardiac | 67/197 (34.0) | 659/808 (81.6) | |
| - Respiratory | 112/197 (56.9) | 98/808 (12.1) | |
| - Neurological | 2/197 (1.0) | 17/808 (2.1) | |
| - Other medical cause | 16/197 (8.1) | 34/808 (4.2) | |
| Bystander presence, No./total (%) | 126/197 (64.0) | 522/808 (64.6) | 0.868 |
| Immediate BLS, No./total (%)a | 67/197 (34.0) | 276/808 (34.2) | 1.000 |
| Bystander BLS, No./total (%) | 99/197 (50.3) | 401/808 (49.6) | 0.937 |
| First aid provider BLS, No./total (%) | 162/197 (82.2) | 683/806 (84.7) | 0.382 |
| Times; No Flow duration, mean ± SD, minb | 18 ± 22 | 14 ± 17 | 0.009 |
| Time between T0 and first aid providers arrival, mean ± SD, min | 16 ± 18 | 12 ± 9 | 0.095 |
| Time between T0 and MMT arrival, mean ± SD, min | 25 ± 22 | 23 ± 17 | 0.346 |
| Time between T0 and ROSC or death, mean ± SD, min | 48 ± 27 | 43 ± 23 | 0.025 |
| ALS | |||
| First recorded cardiac rhythm, No./total (%) | 0.073 | ||
| - Asystole | 163/197 (82.7) | 633/806 (78.5) | |
| - VF/pulseless VT | 8/197 (4.1) | 79/806 (9.8) | |
| - PEA | 18/197 (9.1) | 60/806 (7.5) | |
| - ROSC due to BLS | 8/197 (4.1) | 34/806 (4.2) | |
| ALS implemented, No./total (%) | 128/197 (65.0) | 548/808 (67.8) | 0.447 |
| ROSC, No./total (%) | 34/196 (17.3) | 161/803 (20.0) | 0.423 |
| D30 survival, No./total (%) | 0/192 (0.0) | 26/745 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
aIf a bystander is present, % of BLS initiated immediately at the collapse time
bTime between collapse and initiation of CPR
Data are expressed as the number/total number (frequency %) for qualitative variables or mean ± standard deviation for quantitative variables
OHCA out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, MMT mobile medical team, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, VF/pulseless VT ventricular fibrillation/pulseless tachycardia, PEA pulseless electrical activity, BLS basic life support, ALS advanced life support, PIV peripheral intravenous access, IO intraosseous