(A) RhoAβ/β mice and their WT littermates were inoculated and challenged intratracheally (i.t.) with HDM to induce allergic airway inflammation. Control groups were inoculated i.t. with PBS alone. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after the last challenge. (B and C) Quantification of total BAL cells (B), eosinophils (Eo), macrophages (MΓΈ), neutrophils (Neu), and lymphocytes (Lym) (C) in BAL fluids. (D-G) Representative Kwik-Diff staining for BAL cytospins (E), H&E (F), and PAS staining (G) of same areas in lung tissue sections. Percentages of PAS-stained bronchi are summarized (D). (H) Cytokine and chemokine levels in BAL fluids determined by ELISA. (I) mRNA levels of cytokines and chemokines in lung tissues determined by real-time PCR. Data are normalized to an 18S reference and expressed as arbitrary units. Results (means + SE, n = 6-8) are representative of 2 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus HDM-challenged WT groups