WT mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily with Y16 (30 mg/kg) or vehicle (Veh), starting 1 day before HDM inoculation until 1 day before sacrifice (A). Total cells (B) and differential cell counts (C) in BAL fluids, representative Kwik-Diff staining for BAL cytospins (E), H&E (F), and PAS (G) staining of same areas in lung tissue sections are shown. Percentages of PAS stained bronchi are summarized (D). Cytokine and chemokine levels in BAL fluids (H), and their mRNA levels in lung tissues determined by real-time PCR (I) are shown. Results (means + SE, n = 4-8) are representative of 2 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus HDM-challenged vehicle-treated groups