Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics
| No diabetes 2019 (n = 2725) | No diabetes 2020 (n = 2214) | P value | Diabetes 2019 (n = 759) | Diabetes 2020 (n = 597) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median, IQR)* | 63 (55–72) | 64 (54–72) | 0.56 | 67 (58–75) | 67 (59–75) | 0.8 |
| Age > 75 year—n. (%) | 554 (20.3) | 441 (19.9) | 0.72 | 204 (26.9) | 157 (26.3) | 0.81 |
| Male gender—n. (%) | 2028 (74.4) | 1687 (76.2) | 0.15 | 539 (71.0) | 408 (68.3) | 0.29 |
| Medical hystory | ||||||
| Hypertension- n (%) | 1352 (49.6) | 1064 (48.1) | 0.28 | 554 (73.0) | 437 (73.2) | 0.93 |
| Hypercholesterolemia—n (%) | 1033 (37.9) | 852 (38.5) | 0.68 | 412 (54.3) | 343 (57.5) | 0.24 |
| Active Smoker—n (%) | 1177 (43.2) | 950 (42.9) | 0.84 | 261 (34.4) | 205(34.4) | 0.98 |
| Family History of CAD—n (%) | 674(24.7) | 549 (24.8) | 0.96 | 163 (21.5) | 109 (18.3) | 0.14 |
| Previous STEMI- n (%) | 227(8.3) | 190 (8.6) | 0.93 | 100 (13.2) | 82 (13.7) | 0.67 |
| Previous PCI—n (%) | 273 (10.0) | 240 (10.8) | 0.56 | 166 (21.9) | 114(19.1) | 0.37 |
| Previous CABG—n (%) | 32 (1.2) | 33 (1.5) | 0.33 | 27 (3.6) | 22 (3.7) | 0.90 |
| Geographic area | 0.06 | 0.6 | ||||
| Italy—n (%) | 764 (28) | 627 (28.3) | 200 (26.4) | 152 (25.5) | ||
| Iberian Peninsula– n (%) | 399 (14.6) | 333 (15.0) | 150 (19.8) | 112 (18.8) | ||
| Central Europe– n (%) | 760 (27.9) | 609 (27.5) | 150 (19.8) | 133 (22.3) | ||
| Balkans– n (%) | 323 (11.9) | 211 (9.5) | 131 (17.3) | 90 (15.1) | ||
| North-East Europe—n (%) | 479 (17.6) | 434 (19.6) | 128 (16.9) | 110 (18.4) | ||
| Referral to primary PCI hospital | ||||||
| Ambulance (from community)—n (%) | 1527 (56) | 1327 (59.9) | 0.006 | 367 (48.4) | 313 (52.4) | 0.14 |
| Time delays | ||||||
| Ischemia time, median [25—75th]* | 180 [120–300] | 195 [125–340] | 0.002 | 200 [120–360] | 240 [140–420] | 0.004 |
|
Total Ischemia time < 6 h—n (%) 6–12 h—n (%) 12–24 h—n (%) > 24 h—n (%) |
2164 (79.4) 337(12.4) 139 (5.1) 85 (3.1) |
1686 (76.2) 291 (13.1) 142 (6.4) 95 (4.3) |
0.014 |
566 (74.6) 100 (13.2) 59 (7.8) 34 (4.5) |
423 (70.9) 83 (13.9) 51 (8.5) 40 (6.7) |
0.26 |
| Total Ischemia time > 12 h—n (%) | 223 (8.2) | 237 (10.7) | 0.002 | 93 (12.3) | 91 (15.2) | 0.11 |
| Door-to-balloon time, median [25—75th]* | 34 [21–60] | 36 [24–60] | 0.012 | 35 [23–60] | 40 [25–64] | 0.086 |
|
Door-to-balloon time < 30 min—n (%) 30–60 min– n (%) > 60 min– n (%) |
1292 (47.4) 827 (30.3) 606 (22.2) |
967 (47.3) 715 (32.3) 532 (24.0) |
0.032 |
348 (45.8) 239 (31.5) 172 (22.7) |
243 (40.7) 202 (33.8) 152 (25.5) |
0.16 |
| Door-to-balloon time > 30 min– n (%) | 1433 (52.6) | 1247 (56.3) | 0.009 | 410 (54.1) | 354 (59.4) | 0.051 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||||
| Anterior STEMI—n (%) | 1247 (45.8) | 998 (45.1) | 0.63 | 345 (45.5) | 281(47.1) | 0.55 |
| Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest—n (%) | 188 (6.9) | 169 (7.6) | 0.32 | 43 (5.7) | 29 (4.9) | 0.51 |
| Cardiogenic shock—n (%) | 193 (7.1) | 174 (7.9) | 0.30 | 74 (9.7) | 73 (12.2) | 0.14 |
| Rescue PCI for failed thrombolysis—n (%) | 104 (3.8) | 73 (3.3) | 0.33 | 20 (2.6) | 22(3.7) | 0.27 |
*Mann–Whitney test
CAD Coronary Artery Disease, STEMI ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, PCI Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, CABG 0 Coronary Artery Bypass Graft