Table 4.
Summary of intervention content in national and research interventions
| National interventions (n=26) * |
Research interventions (n=5) † |
All interventions (n=31) |
|
| TDF domains (bold=key six TDF domains with a rank number) | |||
| Knowledge | 21 | 4 | 25 |
| Skills (3) | 12 | 5 | 17 |
| Environmental context and resources (4) | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| Beliefs about consequences (1) | 12 | 2 | 14 |
| Behavioural regulation | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| Social influences (2) | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| Social/professional role and identity | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| Intentions (5) | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| Memory, attention, decision making | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Reinforcement | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Goals | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Optimism | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Beliefs about capabilities | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Emotions (6) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Intervention functions | |||
| Training | 24 | 3 | 27 |
| Enablement | 19 | 5 | 24 |
| Education | 19 | 4 | 23 |
| Persuasion | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| Incentivisation | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| Environmental restructuring | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| Modelling | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Coercion | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| BCTs | |||
| Instruction on how to perform the behaviour | 24 | 5 | 29 |
| Information about health consequences | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| Adding objects to the environment | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| Feedback on behaviour | 7 | 2 | 9 |
| Credible source | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| Action planning | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| Demonstrating the behaviour | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| Information about social, environmental consequences | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| Social comparisons | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| Social support (practical) | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| Identification of self as a role model | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| Self-monitoring of behaviour | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| Social support (unspecified) | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| Behavioural substitution | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| Behavioural practice/rehearsal | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Self-monitoring of outcomes | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Prompts/cues | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Future punishment | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Non-specific reward | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Salience of consequences | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Social/non-material reward | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Commitment | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Focus on past success | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Framing/reframing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Goal setting | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Material reward | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pharmacological support | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Problem solving | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pros and cons | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Restructuring the physical environment | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Incentive | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Monitoring of the behaviour by others | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Verbal persuasion about capabilities | 0 | 1 | 1 |
*Twenty-six national interventions identified in the previous project,6 including four effective research interventions.
†Five effective research interventions identified in this project, without the four effective research interventions that were also nationally implemented.
BCT, behaviour change technique; TDF, Theoretical Domains Framework.