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. 2020 Dec 17;10:22163. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78695-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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A lipid metabolic pathway map based on previously published information and results from the present study^{14,23,24,59–62}. Dashed arrows indicate multi-step conversions. Lipid molecular species are identified as total acyl carbons: total double bonds. The fold change was calculated as the value of the lipid species under HT/the corresponding value under AT. Bolded lipids are significantly increased or decreased at α = 0.05 (Supplementary Table S3). ACP, acyl carrier protein; CoA, coenzyme A; DAG, diacylglycerol; DAG-CPT, CDP-choline:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase; DAG-EPT, CDP-ethanolamine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase; DGAT, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FAB, fatty acid biosynthesis; FAD, fatty acid desaturase; F.A.S., fatty acid synthesis; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; LPAAT, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; LPCAT, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase; MGDG, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol; PA, phosphatidic acid; PAP, phosphatidic acid phosphatase; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PDAT, phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase; PDCT, phosphatidylcholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PLA₂, phospholipase A₂; PLC, phospholipase C; PLD, phospholipase D; SQDG, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol; TAG, triacylglycerol. Lipids with ‘A’ or ‘B’ have different acyl chain compositions (Supplementary Table S3), i.e., DAG(36:3)_A is DAG(18:3/18:0); DAG(36:3)_B is DAG(18:2/18:1); TAG(52:4)_A is TAG(18:3/16:0/18:1); TAG(52:4)_B is TAG(18:2/18:2/16:0); TAG(54:7)_A is TAG(18:2/18:2/18:3); TAG(54:7)_B is TAG(18:1/18:3/18:3) (Acyl-chain composition included after each DAG and TAG lipid species does not indicate sn positions).