Table 1.
Included randomized controlled trial study characteristics by population.
| Study ID | Study design | Participants | Sample size | Intervention diet | Control diet | Duration | dAGE content | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harcourt 2011 | Cross over | Overweight males aged 18–50 years and BMI 26–39 kg/m2) | 11 | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 2 weeks | HAGE = 14,090, LAGE = 3302 kU AGE/day | BMI |
| Uribarri 2011 | Parallel | Type 2 diabetic patients | 18 randomised, 18 assessed: 12 LAGE & 6 HAGE | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 4 months | HAGE = > 20, LAGE = < 10 AGE Eq/day | Weight Leptin adiponectin |
| de Courten 2016 | Cross over | Healthy but overweight individuals | 28 randomised, 20 assessed | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 2 weeks | HAGE = 59, LAGE = 49 mg CML/day | Weight |
| Mark 2014 | Parallel | Overweight women aged 20–50 years | 99 randomised, 74 assessed: 36 LAGE & 37 HAGE diet | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 4 weeks | HAGE = 24.6, LAGE = 10.7 mg CML/day | BMI Weight WC |
| Macías-Cervantes 2015 | Parallel | Overweight men (BMI > 25 kg/m2) aged 30 to 55 years | 75 randomised, 45 assessed: 15 in the diet plus exercise group, 14 in the exercise group, and 14 in the diet group | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 12 weeks | HAGE = 13,284 + 4983, LAGE = 13,019 + 4526 kU AGE/day | BMI Weight WC |
| Tantalaki 2014 | Cross over | Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) age range: 18–40 years | 34 randomised, 23 assessed | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 8 weeks | HAGE = 1869.6 ± 114.6, LAGE = 1869.6 ± 114.6 kU AGE/day | BMI |
| Di Pino 2016 | Parallel | Adults with prediabetes age range between 35 and 65 years; body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 40 kg/ m2 |
62 randomised, 57 assessed: 29 LAGE & 28 HAGE diet |
LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 24 weeks | N/A | BMI |
| Vlassara 2016 | Parallel | Obese subjects with metabolic syndrome aged 50 years or above | 138 randomised, 100 assessed: 51 in LAGE & 49 HAGE | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 48 weeks | HAGE = 20 + 11, LAGE = 7 + 6 AGE Eq/day | BMI Weight WC Leptin adiponectin |
| Cai 2004 | Parallel | Diabetic patients with normal lipid profile & renal function | 24 randomised: 11 HAGE & 13 LAGE | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 6 weeks | HAGE = 5 times higher than LAGE | BMI |
| Vlassara 2002 | Parallel | Diabetic subjects with good glycemic control and normal renal function | 11 for cross over and 13 for parallel trials (6 in high and 7 in low AGE diet) | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 6 weeks | HAGE = 5 times higher than LAGE | weight |
| Baye 2017 | cross over | Overweight and obese otherwise healthy adults | 204 randomised: 11 HAGE & 13 LAGE | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 2 weeks | HAGE = 3 times higher than LAGE | BMI weight |
| Yacoub2017 | Parallel | Healthy adults aged 50–69 years | 20 randomised, 20 assessed: 10 in each group | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 6 weeks | HAGE = 26.96 , LAGE = 26.18 AGE Eq/day | BMI |
| Uribarri 2014 | Parallel | Healthy participants over the age of 60 | 18 randomised, 18 assessed: 10 LAGE & 6 HAGE | LAGE diet | HAGE diet | 16 weeks | HAGE = > 15, LAGE = < 10 AGE Eq/day | BMI Leptin adiponectin |
WC; Waist circumference; BMI; Body mass index.