Table 1.

Improvements in large scale field-based heat tents and cyber-physical system compared to the prototype presented in Hein et al.³⁰, for phenotyping impact of high night-time temperature stress. N/A—Not applicable

System component	Feature	Hein et al. 30 prototype heat tent	Large scale mobile heat tent
Heat tent structure	Dimensions	7.2 m × 5.4 m × 3.0 m	9.1 m × 14.6 m × 4.4 m
	Number of genotypes	12	320
	Planting height	Could only accommodate wheat or small row crops	Can accommodate small rows crops, sorghum, maize, pearl millet etc
	Ventilation	Small roof vent and manual sidewall roll-ups	Roof, sidewalls, and end-walls mechanical roll-ups
	Mobility	Hand carried by 12 people	Built on skids—moved through towing with a tractor
	Number of heat tents	3 heat tents with control plots under ambient open field conditions	3 heat and 3 control tents
Heating system	Heater	Small electrical heater	Energy efficient propane heater
		Tank top propane heater	N/A
	Heat distribution	Built in fan on heater	Additional blower fan on heater with convection tubing allowed efficient and uniform heat distribution
	Ventilation	N/A	Direct ventilation of combustion exhaust to the exterior of the tent
	Fans	Box fan above tank top propane heater	Two powerful circulation fans
Cyber-physical system	Basic function	Line voltage disruption	Operated multiple relays to act as thermostat
	Sensor system	Single sensor indoors and outdoors	Six sensor temperature arrays
	Communication	N/A	Wireless communication between control and stress at 1 min interval
	Additional sensor capabilities	N/A	CO2, relative humidity, and rain sensors
	Heat distribution analysis	N/A	Capable of mapping heat distribution and uniformity across the entire tent
	Control environment	Ambient conditions not accounting for tent structure	Ambient conditions but within a tent to isolate unaccounted external variables