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. 2020 Dec 17;10:22273. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79247-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dogs’ relative looking time to the caregiver presented on the left screen side in Experiment 2a (left; caregiver vs. stranger) and 2b (right; caregiver vs. familiar person). The red dash-dotted line represents the chance level (0.5), GLMM: *p < 0.05. The bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals of the model are indicated by the vertical black lines. The grey points represent the individual looking patterns of each dog per experiment. The size of the points is proportional to the number of individuals.