Table 2.

Experiment 1 (fMRI), N = 17: Task-related activation during visual stimulation.

Contrast, brain region & HRF	Coordinates			z-value	Cluster size
	x	y	z
Caregiver > familiar
L rostral cingulate gyrus (T)	− 3	2	13	3.80	7
R rostral cingulate gyrus (T)	2	8	12	3.54	12
R rostral suprasylvian gyrus (T)	13	5	12	3.42	8
R lateral olfactory gyrus	14	3	1	3.11	8
L parahippocampal gyrus (T)	− 12	− 24	1	3.00	5
Caregiver > stranger
L insula/white matter (T)	− 10	− 9	7	4.41	18
R rostral composite gyrus (T)	13	0	10	3.65	8
R insula (T)	14	− 12	6	3.57	25
R rostral cingulate gyrus (T)	4	6	10	3.47	9
R medulla oblongata	1	− 50	− 14	3.29	6
L postcruciate gyrus (P)	− 13	6	18	3.24	5
L parahippocampal gyrus (T)	− 13	− 24	1	2.83	6
Familiar < stranger
L occipital gyrus (O)	− 6	− 36	9	4.15	9
R insula (T)	13	− 8	3	3.93	11
Mesencephalon	2	− 14	− 2	3.92	7
L postcruciate gyrus (P)	− 10	3	13	3.90	8
R lateral olfactory gyrus (F)	13	3	− 2	3.43	11
Cerebellum (vermis)	1	− 42	− 5	3.34	10
R medial ectosylvian gyrus (T)	19	− 17	18	3.23	5
R postcruciate gyrus (F)	13	5	15	3.17	5
L caudal suprasylvian gyrus (T)	− 24	− 26	− 1	3.15	6
Optical nerve (T)	1	2	− 4	3.11	9
L rostral ectosylvian gyrus (T)	− 21	− 3	13	2.88	5
Happy: caregiver > familiar
R hippocampus (T)	13	− 14	− 5	3.57	11
L hippocampus (T)	− 6	− 17	12	3.53	11
R presplenial gyrus (P)	2	− 3	22	3.44	8
L caudal cingulate gyrus (T)	− 10	− 21	13	3.01	8
L amygdala/hippocampus (T)	− 13	− 9	− 10	2.97	9
R occipital gyrus (O)	13	− 30	1	2.83	5
L medial ectosylvian gyrus (T)	− 16	− 14	10	2.81	6
Happy: caregiver > stranger
R insula/white matter (T)	13	− 2	9	3.63	10
L rostral ectosylvian gyrus (T)	− 12	− 5	9	3.43	8
L splenial gyrus (O)	− 10	− 26	6	3.28	6
L caudate nucleus/white matter (T)	− 10	− 9	7	3.23	7
L proreus gyrus (T)	− 10	5	6	3.18	5
L caudal ectosylvian gyrus (T)	− 15	− 23	9	3.05	5
R rostral sylvian gyrus (T)	16	− 14	6	3.03	11
L rostral cingulate gyrus/genual gyrus	− 1	15	6	2.88	5
Happy: familiar < stranger
R postcruciate gyrus (P)	13	5	15	3.81	14
L rostral cingulate gyrus (T)	− 1	0	10	3.54	10
L caudal suprasylvian gyrus (T)	− 21	− 29	− 1	3.50	7
R splenial gyrus (O)	11	− 27	4	3.12	6
R caudal suprasylvian gyrus (T)	22	− 26	6	2.99	5
R olfactory tuberculum (T)	4	5	− 5	2.89	7
R medial ectosylvian gyrus (T)	16	− 15	16	2.89	5
R piriform lobe/R amygdala (T)	14	− 8	− 10	2.79	5
Angry: caregiver > familiar
R caudal sylvian gyrus (T)	23	− 12	6	3.92	7
R caudate nucleus	4	9	13	3.92	20
L rostral cingulate gyrus	− 3	2	15	3.91	9
R caudate nucleus/rostral cingulate gyrus (T)	8	0	13	3.74	5
Diencephalon	− 6	− 14	− 2	3.59	7
Medulla oblongata	− 1	− 36	− 14	3.37	11
R medial cingulate gyrus (T)	7	− 6	15	3.37	5
R parahippocampal gyrus (T)	10	− 20	1	3.16	7
R rostral proreus gyrus (T)	13	3	1	3.11	9
L caudal sylvian gyrus (T)	− 21	− 9	− 1	3.04	8
R cerebellum	8	− 38	− 5	2.99	5
Medulla oblongata	7	− 32	− 10	2.90	7
L splenial gyrus (O)	− 10	− 27	4	2.76	6
Angry: caregiver > stranger
L caudate nucleus (T)	− 4	0	9	3.47	5
L thalamus	− 3	− 8	− 1	3.24	11
Angry: familiar < stranger
L postcruciate gyrus (P)	− 10	3	15	3.85	12
L hippocampus/thalamus (T)	− 1	− 11	9	3.78	17
Diencephalon	8	− 12	− 2	3.76	11
Diencephalon	− 6	− 12	− 2	3.70	17
L proreus gyrus (F)	− 6	17	3	3.38	18
L marginal gyrus (P)	− 4	− 3	25	3.33	5
R cerebellum	7	− 27	− 5	3.33	7
L caudal cingulate gyrus (T)	− 1	3	16	3.07	6
R presplenial gyrus (P)	2	− 3	22	2.77	5

Effects were tested for significance with a cluster-defining threshold of p < 0.005 uncorrected and a minimum cluster size of 5 voxels. The first local maximum within each cluster is reported; coordinates represent the location of peak voxels and refer to the canine breed-averaged template⁶⁵. The template along with another single dog template⁶⁶ served to determine anatomical nomenclature for all tables. Contrasts of interest for the present study are reported; see Supplementary Table S3 for further contrasts on light of full transparency.

O occipital lobe, T temporal lobe, P parietal lobe, O occipital lobe, L left, R right.