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. 2020 Dec 17;10:22241. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78983-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Local injections of β-NGF induce Wnt activation in the TZ and nominal increase of endothelial cell infiltration of cartilage callous. (a) Timeline schematic of fracture and subsequent daily injections of β-NGF. (b) Representative image of HBQ stained section of the chondro-osseous transition zone (TZ) from control group (media injections) with (c) a corresponding fluorescent DAPI-stained image of adjacent slide. (d) Image of HBQ stained TZ from β-NGF treated mice with corresponding (e) fluorescent DAPI stained image of an adjacent slide (f) Quantification of Axin2-eGFP presence within TZ of fracture callus as percentage (%) of area. Images of (g) HBQ stained section of cartilage tissue within fracture callus from control group and corresponding image (h) of Anti-CD31 Diaminobenzidine (DAB) stained section. (i) HBQ stained section from β-NGF treated group and corresponding (j) CD31-DAB stained section. (k) Quantification of DAB stain within cartilaginous tissue as percentage (%) of area. All scale bars = 500 μm. Error bars represent SEM. **p < 0.01; determined by 2-tailed t test.