Figure 1.

Associations between T cell activation and the infantile gut microbiota determined by 16S rRNA NGS. Orthogonal projection to latent structures by means of partial least squares (OPLS) column plots depicting the association between early bacterial colonization (X–variables) analyzed by 16S rRNA NGS and the PHA-induced response of IL-13 (a), IL-5 (b), IL-6 (c), TNF (d) or IL-1β (e) from mononuclear cells at 36 months of age. X–variables that lie in the same direction as the cytokine response are positively associated, whereas parameters on the opposite direction are inversely related to concentrations of IL-13, IL-5, IL-6, TNF or IL-1β. Each column displays an uncertainty bar with 95% confidence interval. Asterix depicts associations found to be statistical significant by the use of Mann Whitney’s U test (*p < .05 and **p < .01)