Fig. 5.

Histological analysis of dark pigmented porcine skin tissue after irradiation with MLA and DOE at H₀= 3.0 and 6.0 J/cm² at various FDs: (a) histological images of laser-irradiated skin tissue (100$\times$ and bar = 200 µm) and (b) quantitative comparison of laser-induced micro-bubble depth, size, and quantity measured from histology images (H₀= 3.0 J/cm²; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. MLA). Note that inlets (400$\times$ and bar = 50 µm) in (a) represent the magnified areas on the skin surface (light green dotted lines) and BM represents the position of basal membrane.