Figure 1.

Representative Published Topologies among the Five Major Groups of Mesangiospermae: Eudicots, Monocots, Magnoliids, Chloranthales, and Ceratophyllales.

Shown are topologies derived from: (A) plastid genes (Moore et al., 2007, Moore et al., 2010, Soltis et al., 2011, Ruhfel et al., 2014, Gitzendanner et al., 2018); (B) mitochondrial genes (Qiu et al., 2010); (C) combined plastid and morphological data (Endress and Doyle, 2009); (D) nuclear data (Wickett et al., 2014, Zeng et al., 2014); and (E) nuclear data (Puttick et al., 2018).