Table 4.
Regression analysis predicting use of health services in the previous year from severe grief reactions after bereavement (women).analysis predicting use of health services in the previous year from severe grief reactions after bereavement (women)
| After bereavement before age 18 |
After bereavement after age 18 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health care service | crude B (SE.) | crude OR (95% CI) | adj. B (SE) | adj. OR (95% CI) | d | times used |
crude B (SE) | crude OR (95% CI) | adj. B (SE) | adj. OR (95% CI) | d | times used |
||||
| B | adj. B | d | B | adj. B | d | |||||||||||
| General practitioner | 0.23 (0.13) | 1.26 (0.99, 1.64) |
0.24 (0.13) | 1.27 (0.99, 1.65) |
0.13 | 0.11 * (0.05) |
0.11 * (0.05) |
0.10 | 0.30 *** (0.06) | 1.35 (1.19, 1.53) |
0.17 * (0.07) | 1.18 (1.04, 1.35) |
0.09 | 0.13 *** (0.02) | 0.09 *** (0.02) | 0.08 |
| Emergency room | 0.26 * (0.12) | 1.29 (1.02, 1.63) |
0.26 * (0.12) | 1.30 (1.02, 1.64) |
0.15 | 0.06 (0.13) | 0.08 (0.13) | 0.02 | 0.32 *** (0.06) | 1.38 (1.22, 1.56) |
0.24 *** (0.06) | 1.27 (1.12, 1.44) |
0.13 | 0.35 *** (0.07) | 0.28 *** (0.07) | 0.07 |
| Psychologist / psychiatrist | 0.58 *** (0.17) | 1.79 (1.27, 2.48) |
0.52 ** (0.17) | 1.68 (1.18, 2.33) |
0.29 | 1.04 ** (0.40) | 0.91 * (0.38) | 0.19 | 0.26 * (0.10) | 1.30 (1.06, 1.59) |
0.35 ** (0.11) | 1.42 (1.15, 1.75) |
0.19 | 0.32 (0.21) | 0.60 ** (0.20) | 0.10 |
| Medical specialist | 0.13 (0.10) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.39) |
0.13 (0.10) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.39) |
0.07 | 0.05 (0.11) | 0.05 (0.11) | 0.02 | 0.06 (0.05) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.18) |
0.08 (0.05) | 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) |
0.05 | 0.19 *** (0.06) | 0.22 *** (0.06) | 0.07 |
| Dentist / dental service | −0.21 * (0.10) | 0.81 (0.66, 0.99) |
−0.19 (0.10) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.02) |
−0.10 | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.01 | −0.01 (0.06) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) |
0.00 (0.06) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.12) |
0.00 | 0.10 *** (0.02) | 0.07 ** (0.02) | 0.05 |
| Pharmacy | 0.18 (0.10) | 1.19 (0.98, 1.46) |
0.17 (0.10) | 1.19 (0.98, 1.45) |
0.09 | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.05 | 0.19 *** (0.05) | 1.20 (1.09, 1.33) |
0.15 ** (0.05) | 1.16 (1.05, 1.29) |
0.08 | 0.11 *** (0.03) | 0.11 ** (0.03) | 0.07 |
| Physiotherapist | 0.21 * (0.10) | 1.23 (1.02, 1.48) |
0.20* (0.10) | 1.22 (1.01, 1.47) |
0.11 | 0.13 (0.16) | 0.17 (0.16) | 0.05 | 0.19*** (0.05) | 1.21 (1.10, 1.34) |
0.19*** (0.05) | 1.20 (1.09, 1.33) |
0.10 | 0.03 (0.08) | 0.00 (0.08) | 0.00 |
| Chiropractor | 0.36* (0.15) | 1.43 (1.06, 1.89) |
0.34* (0.15) | 1.40 (1.04, 1.85) |
0.19 | 0.09 (0.29) | 0.05 (0.29) | 0.01 | 0.21** (0.08) | 1.24 (1.05, 1.45) |
0.24** (0.08) | 1.27 (1.07, 1.49) |
0.13 | 0.32* (0.15) | 0.26 (0.15) | 0.05 |
| CAM provider | 0.24* (0.12) | 1.28 (1.00, 1.62) |
0.23 (0.12) | 1.25 (0.98, 1.59) |
0.12 | 0.32 (0.22) | 0.27 (0.22) | 0.06 | 0.05 (0.07) | 1.05 (0.92, 1.20) |
0.06 (0.07) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) |
0.03 | 0.06 (0.11) | 0.04 (0.11) | 0.01 |
| Internet | 0.10 (0.19) | 1.10 (0.75, 1.56) |
0.05 (0.19) | 1.05 (0.71, 1.49) |
0.02 | −0.07 (0.29) | −0.06 (0.29) | −0.01 | −0.20* (0.10) | 0.82 (0.67, 0.99) |
−0.04 (0.10) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.17) |
−0.02 | −0.18 (0.15) | −0.12 (0.15) | −0.02 |
| Hospital admission | −0.02 (0.14) | 0.98 (0.74, 1.29) |
−0.01 (0.14) | 0.99 (0.74, 1.30) |
−0.01 | −0.01 (0.14) | −0.14 (0.17) | −0.03 | 0.22** (0.07) | 1.25 (1.08, 1.43) |
0.12 (0.07) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) |
0.07 | 0.25** (0.08) | 0.23** (0.09) | 0.06 |
| Psychiatric outpatient clinic | 0.81** (0.25) | 2.24 (1.34, 3.56) |
0.76** (0.25) | 2.14 (1.27, 3.41) |
0.42 | 0.90 (0.66) | 0.70 (0.61) | 0.07 | 0.17 (0.17) | 1.18 (0.84, 1.64) |
0.11 (0.17) | 1.12 (0.79, 1.56) |
0.06 | 0.16 (0.17) 1 | 0.16 (0.33) | 0.01 |
| Outpatient clinic other than psychiatric | 0.10 (0.09) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) |
0.11 (0.09) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) |
0.06 | 0.03 (0.10) | 0.04 (0.10) | 0.02 | 0.11 * (0.05) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.23) |
0.08 (0.05) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.19) |
0.04 | 0.10 * (0.05) | 0.11 * (0.05) | 0.05 |
* p <.05 ** p <.01 *** p <.001. Adj. = adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, education, and living with partner / spouse. CAM = complementary and alternative medicine. d = Cohen's d for the adjusted model. OR = odds ratio. 1 Poisson regression used.