TABLE 3.

Multinomial logistic regression of physician'|’s antibiotic prescribing patterns.

Variable	Medium antibiotic user		High antibiotic users
	Relative risk ratio a (95% confidence interval)	p	Relative risk ratio a (95% confidence interval)	p
Sociodemographic
Age	0.959 (0.920, 1.001)	0.055	0.942 (0.891, 0.995)	0.032
Female gender	1.217 (0.621, 2.386)	0.566	0.864 (0.37, 2.015)	0.734
Educational qualification	0.733 (0.453, 1.185)	0.204	0.749 (0.418, 1.342)	0.331
Annual household income	0.688 (0.498, 0.952)	0.024	0.521 (0.339, 0.800)	0.003
Professional practice
Rural facility	4.275 (2.205, 8.285)	<0.001	4.296 (1.826, 10.105)	0.001
Years of practices	1.026 (0.995, 1.059)	0.104	1.053 (1.010, 1.097)	0.015
Sub-speciality
General practice	Ref	—	Ref	—
Interal medicine	1.339 (0.704, 2.546)	0.374	0.699 (0.319, 1.533)	0.372
Surgery	1.263 (0.528, 3.020)	0.599	0.762 (0.273, 2.123)	0.603
Others	0.600 (0.264, 1.367)	0.224	0.334 (0.111, 1.010)	0.052
Professional title
Junior	Ref	—	Ref	—
Middle	1.128 (0.621, 2.048)	0.694	1.149 (0.547, 2.414)	0.714
Senior	1.356 (0.501, 3.668)	0.549	1.735 (0.486, 6.192)	0.396
Antibiotic training	0.903 (0.506, 1.611)	0.729	1.050 (0.508, 2.172)	0.894
Knowledge score above mean	0.440 (0.246, 0.785)	0.005	0.468 (0.234, 0.935)	0.031
Attitudes scores above mean
Complacency with satisfied patients	2.618 (1.107, 6.191)	0.028	1.935 (0.710, 5.272)	0.197
Fearful of adverse events	1.102 (0.618, 1.965)	0.743	0.822 (0.414, 1.632)	0.575
Ignorance of antibiotic resistance	0.831 (0.212, 3.250)	0.790	3.068 (0.292, 32.195)	0.350
Responsibility avoidance	1.223 (0.214, 6.976)	0.821	1.051 (0.125, 8.817)	0.964
Indifference to changes	0.416 (0.198, 0.873)	0.020	0.401 (0.171, 0.943)	0.036

^aLow antibiotic user group as reference; Bold indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).