Table 2. Description of the classes of the latent trajectory analysis.
| Low Expenditures (n = 7,200) | Accelerating Expenditures (n = 23,000) | Moderate Persistent Expenditures (n = 94,830) | High Persistent Expenditures (n = 93,201) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total health care expenditure over last five years of life (mean, IQR*) | |||||||||
| 13.4 | (0–18) | 43.5 | (15–62) | 56.9 | (29–77) | 313.3 | (81–154) | ||
| Proportion hospital costs (mean, IQR) | |||||||||
| 51% | (0–95) | 73% | (60–95) | 61% | (37–87) | 51% | (23–81) | ||
| Proportion care costs (mean, IQR) | |||||||||
| 4% | (0–0) | 13% | (0–12) | 23% | (0–43) | 38% | (3–67) | ||
| Total health care expenditure in last year of life (mean, IQR) | |||||||||
| 11.9 | (0–15) | 31.0 | (9–43) | 30.2 | (12–40) | 44.0 | (24–55) | ||
| Female (N, %) | 2,939 | 40.8 | 9,453 | 41.1 | 48,702 | 51.4 | 53,131 | 57 | |
| Age at death (N, %) | |||||||||
| 65–74 | 3,284 | 45.6 | 9,001 | 39.1 | 21,200 | 22.4 | 19,512 | 20.9 | |
| 75–84 | 2,238 | 31.1 | 7,412 | 32.2 | 32,375 | 34.1 | 32,107 | 34.4 | |
| 85–94 | 1,438 | 20.0 | 5,665 | 24.6 | 34,251 | 36.1 | 34,150 | 36.6 | |
| 95+ | 240 | 3.3 | 922 | 4.0 | 7,004 | 7.4 | 7,431 | 8.0 | |
| Marital status (N, %) | |||||||||
| Married/Cohabiting | 2,636 | 36.6 | 10,755 | 46.8 | 37,919 | 40 | 32,243 | 34.6 | |
| Widow/er | 2,125 | 29.5 | 7,284 | 31.7 | 40,640 | 42.9 | 43,302 | 46.5 | |
| Divorced | 1,347 | 18.7 | 3,056 | 13.3 | 10,301 | 10.9 | 11,991 | 12.9 | |
| Never married | 1,092 | 15.2 | 1,905 | 8.3 | 5,970 | 6.3 | 5,665 | 6.1 | |
| Immigrant (N, %) | 456 | 6.3 | 964 | 4.2 | 3,183 | 3.4 | 3,345 | 3.6 | |
| Affluence index (mean, IQR) | |||||||||
| 44.0 | (21–66) | 49.4 | (24–75) | 50.1 | (26–74) | 49.5 | (25–74) | ||
| Cause of death (N, %) | |||||||||
| Cancer | 2017 | 28 | 9810 | 42.7 | 28179 | 29.7 | 21469 | 23 | |
| Heart disease | 1191 | 16.5 | 3356 | 14.6 | 17090 | 18 | 14757 | 15.8 | |
| Other circulatory | 675 | 9.4 | 2136 | 9.3 | 9437 | 10 | 8089 | 8.7 | |
| Respiratory | 569 | 7.9 | 1634 | 7.1 | 10041 | 10.6 | 15461 | 16.6 | |
| Dementia | 230 | 3.2 | 1017 | 4.4 | 8281 | 8.7 | 9094 | 9.8 | |
| Other | 2518 | 35 | 5047 | 21.9 | 21802 | 23 | 24331 | 26.1 | |
| Number of chronic diseases (N, %) | |||||||||
| 0–1 | 6155 | 85.5 | 10532 | 45.8 | 16965 | 17.9 | 6616 | 7.1 | |
| 2–4 | 964 | 13.4 | 10297 | 44.8 | 45812 | 48.3 | 28999 | 31.1 | |
| 5+ | 81 | 1.1 | 2171 | 9.4 | 32053 | 33.8 | 57586 | 61.8 | |
| Prevalence of selected chronic diseases (N, %) | |||||||||
| Cancer | 1546 | 21.5 | 10523 | 45.8 | 34110 | 36 | 31719 | 34 | |
| Heart disease | 1284 | 17.8 | 9193 | 40 | 56314 | 59.4 | 64656 | 69.4 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 935 | 13 | 6283 | 27.3 | 32508 | 34.3 | 42130 | 45.2 | |
| Resporatory disease | 1239 | 17.2 | 8287 | 36 | 41999 | 44.3 | 57137 | 61.3 | |
| Dementia | 114 | 1.6 | 1797 | 7.8 | 13316 | 14 | 19841 | 21.3 | |
| Diabetes | 147 | 2 | 1375 | 6 | 14652 | 15.5 | 23143 | 24.8 | |
| Asthma | 37 | 0.5 | 283 | 1.2 | 3765 | 4 | 8670 | 9.3 | |
| Mental illness, epilepsy | 775 | 10.8 | 7347 | 31.9 | 45220 | 47.7 | 61224 | 65.7 | |
* IQR: Inter-quartile range