Table 2.
Results of four-level regressions testing intervention effect on momentary emotion regulation responses to family stress
| Negative Emotion | Rumination | Interference | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed effects | B | SE | 95% CI | B | SE | 95% CI | B | SE | 95% CI |
| Intercept | 4.47*** | 0.52 | 3.43, 5.51 | 3.38*** | 0.57 | 2.22, 4.53 | 3.67*** | 0.59 | 2.49, 4.85 |
| Stress | 0.04*** | 0.01 | 0.03, 0.06 | 0.05*** | 0.01 | 0.03, 0.07 | 0.03** | 0.01 | 0.01, 0.05 |
| Intervention (Intv) | 0.27 | 0.54 | −0.81, 1.36 | 1.50* | 0.66 | 0.17, 2.83 | 0.87 | 0.63 | −0.40, 2.15 |
| Burst 2 | −0.24 | 0.22 | −0.68, 0.21 | −0.28 | 0.24 | −0.76, 0.20 | −0.20 | 0.25 | −0.69, 0.30 |
| Burst 3 | −0.14 | 0.24 | −0.62, 0.34 | −0.11 | 0.26 | −0.62, 0.41 | 0.07 | 0.26 | −0.46, 0.59 |
| Stress × Intv | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.05, 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.04, 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.02, 0.04 |
| Stress × Burst 2 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.03, 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.01, 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | −0.01, 0.04 |
| Stress × Burst 3 | 0.02 | 0.01 | −0.00, 0.04 | 0.04*** | 0.01 | 0.02, 0.06 | 0.03* | 0.01 | 0.01, 0.06 |
| Intv × Burst 2 | 0.35 | 0.35 | −0.33, 1.03 | −0.02 | 0.37 | −0.75, 0.71 | 0.04 | 0.38 | −0.71, 0.79 |
| Intv × Burst 3 | 0.13 | 0.36 | −0.57, 0.83 | −0.41 | 0.38 | −1.16, 0.34 | −0.67 | 0.39 | −1.44, 0.10 |
| Stress × Intv × Burst 2 | 0.03* | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.06 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.03, 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.04, 0.02 |
| Stress × Intv × Burst 3 | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.04, 0.02 | −0.03* | 0.01 | −0.06, −0.00 | −0.04* | 0.02 | −0.08, −0.01 |
| Mean Stress | 0.11*** | 0.03 | 0.06, 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.02 | −0.00, 0.10 | 0.08** | 0.03 | 0.03, 0.14 |
| Weekend | −0.17 | 0.09 | −0.35, 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.09 | −0.21, 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.11 | −0.10, 0.31 |
| Day in study | −0.04* | 0.02 | −0.07, −0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.02, 0.04 | −0.02 | 0.02 | −0.05, 0.02 |
| History of therapy | 0.85* | 0.38 | 0.10, 1.61 | −0.11 | 0.38 | −0.87, 0.65 | 0.31 | 0.41 | −0.52, 1.14 |
| Gender | −0.09 | 0.25 | −0.58, 0.4 | −0.55* | 0.25 | −1.04, −0.05 | −0.39 | 0.27 | −0.94, 0.15 |
| Random effects | Var | SE | 95% CI | Var | SE | 95% CI | Var | SE | 95% CI |
| Person | |||||||||
| Intercept | 2.33*** | 0.54 | 1.55, 3.89 | 4.03*** | 0.93 | 2.69, 6.70 | 3.43*** | 0.78 | 2.30, 5.66 |
| Stress | 0.001** | 0.000 | 0.000, 0.002 | 0.002** | 0.001 | 0.001, 0.004 | 0.001** | 0.000 | 0.001, 0.003 |
| Covariance | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.03, 0.01 | −0.07*** | 0.02 | −0.10, −0.03 | −0.04* | 0.02 | −0.07, −0.01 |
| Burst | |||||||||
| Intercept | 0.50*** | 0.11 | 0.34, 0.82 | 0.62*** | 0.12 | 0.43, 0.96 | 0.59*** | 0.13 | 0.40, 0.96 |
| Day | |||||||||
| Intercept | 0.77*** | 0.09 | 0.63, 0.97 | 0.60*** | 0.09 | 0.45, 0.84 | 0.80*** | 0.12 | 0.60, 1.11 |
| Stress | 0.001*** | 0.000 | 0.000, 0.001 | 0.001*** | 0.000 | 0.001, 0.002 | 0.001*** | 0.000 | 0.001, 0.002 |
| Covariance | −0.02*** | 0.00 | −0.02, −0.01 | −0.03*** | 0.00 | −0.04, −0.03 | −0.03*** | 0.01 | −0.04, −0.02 |
| Moment | |||||||||
| AR(1) | −0.03 | 0.03 | −0.10, 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | −0.03, 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.04 | −0.05, 0.09 |
| Residual | 2.26*** | 0.08 | 2.11, 2.41 | 2.63*** | 0.10 | 2.45, 2.82 | 3.41*** | 0.12 | 3.18, 3.67 |
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p <.001;
Note: Burst 1=pre intervention (reference group), Burst 2=during intervention, Burst 3=post intervention; past 6-month therapy effect coded (−1=no, 1=yes); gender effect coded (−1=female, 1=male); intervention (0=control, 1=mindfulness). Models included random intercepts at the level of the days, bursts and persons, random slope effects of stress at the day and person levels, as well a first-order autoregressive covariance structure for the residuals. Emotion regulation variables were square-root transformed in the regression models to reduce positive skew.