Table 3. Laboratory findings on admission.
| All patients (N = 160) | Mild (n = 92) | Moderate (n = 19) | P value (Moderate vs Mild) | Severe (n = 49) | P value (severe vs Mild) | P value (Severe vs Moderate) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | |||||||
| Haemoglobin g/dL | 12 (10–13) | 12 (10–12) | 12 (10–13) | 0.823 | 12 (11–13) | 0.459 | 0.872 |
| White blood cell (WBC) count_ cells/ μL, median (IQR) | 6200 (4600–9012) | 5100 (4200–6900) | 6300 (5400–10000) | 0.012* | 9600 (6800–14000) | <0.0001* | 0.175 |
| WBC count: | - | - | - | 0.653 | <0.0001* | 0.401 | |
| < 4000 | 21 (13%) | 16 (17%) | 1 (6%) | - | 4 (9%) | - | - |
| 4000–12000 | 115 (72%) | 74 (80%) | 14 (75%) | - | 27 (56%) | - | - |
| >12000 | 24 (15%) | 3 (3%) | 4 (19%) | - | 17 (35%) | - | - |
| Neutrophils _%, median (IQR) | 66 (52–78) | 56 (48–66) | 72 (63–75) | 0.020* | 77 (70–85) | 0.0001* | 0.393 |
| Neutrophils_%: | - | - | - | 0.048* | <0.0001* | 0.701 | |
| < 55% | 50 (31%) | 42 (45%) | 3 (14%) | - | 5 (10%) | - | - |
| 55–70% | 43 (27%) | 29 (32%) | 5 (29%) | - | 9 (18%) | - | - |
| >70% | 67 (42%) | 21 (23%) | 11 (57%) | - | 35 (71%) | - | - |
| Lymphocytes _%, median (IQR) | 29 (18–41) | 36 (26–44) | 25 (17–31) | 0.003* | 20 (13–26) | <0.0001* | 0.259 |
| Lymphocytes_%: | - | - | - | 0.030* | 0.0001* | 0.250 | |
| <20% | 44 (28%) | 14 (15%) | 6 (32%) | - | 23 (47%) | - | - |
| 20–40% | 73 (46%) | 43 (47%) | 12 (62%) | - | 19 (39%) | - | - |
| >40% | 43 (27%) | 35 (38%) | 1 (6%) | - | 7 (14%) | - | - |
| Platelet count _ cells per μL, median (IQR) | 204,000 (127,000–285,000) | 199,000 (133,500–281,012) | 199,000 (117,000–314,000) | 0.798 | 209,000 (126,000–311,000) | 0.653 | 0.9872 |
| Platelet count: | - | - | - | 0.024* | 0.132 | 0.332 | |
| < 150,000 | 55 (34%) | 29 (32%) | 9 (47%) | - | 17 (34%) | - | - |
| 150,000–400,000 | 94 (59%) | 60 (65%) | 6 (31%) | - | 28 (57%) | - | - |
| >400,000 | 11 (7%) | 3 (3%) | 4 (21%) | - | 4 (9%) | - | - |
| AST_IU/L, median (IQR) | 69 (30–115) | 55 (21–105) | 69 (26–116) | 0.531 | 92 (54–136) | 0.005* | 0.145 |
| AST >38 | 106 (66%) | 55 (60%) | 13 (68%) | 0.416 | 38 (78%) | 0.016* | 0.363 |
| ALT_IU/L, median (IQR) | 37 (18–63) | 32 (16–64) | 44 (18–58) | 0.802 | 39 (25–67) | 0.338 | 0.822 |
| ALT >45 | 60 (37%) | 33 (36%) | 9 (47%) | 0.407 | 18 (36%) | 0.721 | 0.597 |
| CRP_ mg/L, median (IQR) | 48 (6–115) | 34 (2–95) | 56 (12–96) | 0.333 | 84 (24–218) | 0.001* | 0.186 |
| PCT _ μg/L, median (IQR) | 22 (0.42–55) | 26 (0.2–54) | 30 (0.17–67) | 0.506 | 13 (1.3–60) | 0.453 | 0.647 |
| PCT >0.5 | 118 (74%) | 64 (70%) | 13 (64%) | 0.6 | 41 (84%) | 0.082 | 0.083 |
| D-dimer_ ng/mL, median (IQR) | 2390 (613–5483) | 1549 (406–5127) | 4143 (919–6312) | 0.157 | 3582 (1256–4814) | 0.066 | 0.781 |
| D-dimer_mg/mL: | - | - | - | 0.343 | - | 0.005* | 0.224 |
| <500 | 32 (20%) | 28 (30%) | 2 (13%) | - | 2 (5%) | - | - |
| 500–1000 | 21 (13%) | 11 (12%) | 4 (19%) | - | 6 (12%) | - | - |
| >1000 | 107 (67%) | 53 (58%) | 13 (68%) | - | 41 (83%) | - | - |
| Urea_ mg/dL, median (IQR) | 27 (17–45) | 24 (16–38) | 24 (22–38) | 0.985 | 39 (18–75) | 0.007* | 0.055 |
| Urea >45 | 40 (25%) | 16 (17%) | 2 (12%) | 0.213 | 22 (45%) | 0.0008* | 0.015* |
| Creatinine_ mg/L, median (IQR) | 9 (7–13) | 9 (7–12) | 9 (8–12) | 0.703 | 12 (7–17) | 0.088 | 0.354 |
| Creatinine > 15 mg/L | 15 (9%) | 7 (8%) | 0 | - | 8 (16%) | 0.004* | - |
| Glycaemia _g/dL | 123 (90–220) | 108 (86–181) | 137 (99–245) | 0.214 | 156 (104–225) | 0.009* | 0.748 |
| Positive TBS | 1(0.63%) | 0 | 0 | - | 1 (2%) | - | - |
| Malaria parasite density /μL | 16,900 | - | - | - | - | - |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR), %: Proportion, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, AST: Aspartate aminotransferase, CRP: C-reactive protein, PCT: Procalcitonin, TBS: Thick blood smear.