Table 2.

In vivo techniques of angiogenesis.

In vivo techniques	Type of methods	Biological scope	Assay reliability (quantitative or qualitative)	Pros/cons	References
Quantitative determination of tissue blood flow rate	Tissue blood flow rate	The process of delivering the arterial blood into the capillary beds within a scrupulous group of tissues	Measure the rate of delivery of an agent carried to the tissue by blood flow	More sensitive and acquires an appropriate pharmacodynamic endpoint	[109]
	Fluorescent DNA-binding staining Hoechst 33342	To measure perfused vascular volume as a fraction of the total tissue volume	Functional vessels appear as fluorescent halos after intravenous injection of the radioactive dye	Unable to discriminate between perfused vessels with different flow rates and lacks appropriate sensitivity	[68]
In vivo Matrigel migration and angiogenesis assay	Marine Matrigel plug assay	Measuring angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis	Quantitative method	Gives the best results when testing putative antiangiogenic compounds	[72]
Corneal pocket assay	Corneal assay	Implanted into a micropocket produced in the cornea thickness to induce angiogenesis by vascular outgrowths from peripherally located limbic vasculature	Characterization of angiogenesis inducers, evaluation of angiogenesis inhibitors, interaction between different factors, and study of cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis	Simple assay, shows excellent reproducibility compared to other in vivo assays Lack of blood vessels	[82]
Other in vivo models	Mouse syngeneic models, human xenografts, transgenic mouse models, and mutagenesis-induced mouse models	To monitor the blood of the tumor in real time and accompanying cellular events that coincided with pharmacodynamic endpoints	—	—	[88]