Table 1.

MEDLINE search strategy.

Number	Term
1	life change events/
2	adverse childhood experiences/ or domestic violence/ or exp child abuse/ or physical abuse/
3	((childhood or adolescent) adj3 advers*).tw.
4	(child* or life or early) adj2 stress.tw.
5	bullying/ or cyberbullying/
6	social isolation/
7	((family or parent*) adj3 (substance or alcohol* or drug or smok* or depression or illness or suicid* or jail or prison)).tw.
8	divorce/ or family conflict/ or family separation/
9	(trauma* or maltreat* or assault* or violen* or molest* or neglect* or victim* or isolat* or reject* or mistreat* or poverty or depriv* or abus* or lonel*).tw.
10	1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9
11	resilience, psychological/
12	adaptation, psychological/
13	(adapt* or protect* or resilien* or mediat* or moderat*).tw.
14	protective factors/
15	11 or 12 or 13 or 14
16	substance-related disorders/ or exp alcohol-related disorders/ or alcoholic intoxication/ or alcoholism/ or binge drinking/ or amphetamine-related disorders/ or cocaine-related disorders/ or drug overdose/ or inhalant abuse/ or marijuana abuse/ or exp opioid-related disorders/ or phencyclidine abuse/ or substance abuse, intravenous/ or substance abuse, oral/ or “tobacco use disorder”/
17	((substance or alcohol* or tobacco or drug or smok*) adj3 (misuse* or initiat* or abus* or problem or heavy or binge or disorder* or dependen* or frequen*)).ti,ab.
18	16 or 17
19	cohort studies/ or longitudinal studies/ or follow-up studies/ or prospective studies/ or retrospective studies/ or cohort.ti,ab. or longitudinal.ti,ab. or prospective.ti,ab. or retrospective.ti,ab.
20	10 and 15 and 18 and 19
21	child* or adolescen* or teen* or youth* or pediatr* or paediatr* or young or emerging or youth).tw
22	20 and 21
23	limit 22 to ((“all child (0 to 18 years)” or “young adult (19 to 24 years)”) and English)
24	limit 23 to yr=“1998 -current”