Table 3.

Ocular parameters evaluated according to the measurement method and group analysed. Means ± SD were calculated from the mean values of each participant (n = 33, mean ± SD).

Ocular measurements	Basketball players	Sedentary subjects	p
Binocular and accommodative function
Accommodative response (D)a	0.50 ± 0.25	0.38 ± 0.24	0.155
Accommodative facility (cpm)b
Cpm	25.67 ± 3.46	27.60 ± 3.36	0.116
Errors	2.44 ± 2.28	1.27 ± 1.58	0.101
Near point of convergence (cm)c
Break	4.66 ± 1.25	6.24 ± 1.66	0.004
Recovery	7.01 ± 2.68	9.53 ± 2.85	0.014
Far negative fusional vergence (∆)d
Break	10.06 ± 4.47	9.60 ± 3.87	0.759
Recovery	7.18 ± 2.89	7.47 ± 3.89	0.812
Far positive fusional vergence (∆)d
Break	26.41 ± 8.03	18.27 ± 9.33	0.011
Recovery	20.06 ± 7.21	12.33 ± 7.44	0.005
Near negative fusional vergence (∆)d
Break	13.63 ±3.37	13.07 ± 4.06	0.666
Recovery	10.78 ± 3.40	10.67 ± 4.05	0.932
Near positive fusional vergence (∆)d
Break	27.72 ± 8.08	21.20 ± 11.04	0.059
Recovery	23.43 ± 7.92	16.93 ± 11.24	0.061
Near static stereo acuity (s of arc)e	38.33 ± 20.72	86.33 ± 128.71	0.128
Far static stereo acuity (s of arc)f	84.44 ± 48.17	79.33 ± 72.85	0.811
Visual performance
VDIg	0.41 ± 0.24	0.68 ± 0.23	0.003
Visual-motor processingh
Eye–hand coordination (lights × final speed)	2227.61 ± 507.45	1688.00 ± 774.05	0.022
Visual-reaction time (ms)
Liber	291.89 ± 58.67	286.40 ± 54.49	0.784
Location	507.39 ± 94.51	463.60 ± 164.73	0.346

Abbreviations: ∆ = prismatic diopter; cpm = cycles per minute; MEM = monocular estimated method; VDI = visual disturbance index.

^aMeasured by MEM.

^bMeasured by Hart chart.

^cMeasured by Push-up.

^dMeasured by Prism bar (steps).

^eMeasured by Randot Stereotest Circles.

^fMeasured by Stereo D6/D8.

^gMeasured by Software Halo Version 1.0.

^hMeasured by Wayne Saccadic Fixator.