Fig. 1.
Genetic diversity and phylogenomics of Guinea yam and its wild relatives. (A) Ancestry proportions of each Guinea yam accession with 6,124,093 SNPs. TDr96_F1 is the sample used as the reference genome. (B) PCA result of the 336 Guinea yam accessions. (C) NJ tree of four African yam lineages reconstructed using D. alata as an outgroup based on 463,293 SNPs. The numbers indicate bootstrap values after 100 replications. The sequences of D. rotundata in the previous study (10) were included in the tree. (D) Evolutionary relationship of three African wild yam lineages (D. abyssinica, Western D. praehensilis, and Cameroonian D. praehensilis) as inferred by ∂a∂i (15) using 17,532 SNPs. N, M, and T represent the relative population size from Nanc, migration rate, and divergence time, respectively.