Brain histopathology; group 2: positive control group; rats treated with AlCl3 (17 mg/kg b.wt.); cerebral cortex (A), subiculum in hippocampus (B), fascia dentata and hilus in hippocampus (C), striatum (D) and cerebellum (E). (H&E staining, x10, scale bar = 50μm). AlCl3-induced extensive neuronal vacuolation and necrosis of the cerebral cortex (indicated by white arrows). The hippocampus showed extensive nuclear pyknosis and degeneration (indicated by white arrows). Striatum displayed multiple focal eosinophilic plagues formation with loss of the neurons.