Table 1.
Patient characteristics stratified by sex‐specific cut‐off points of handgrip strength
| Characteristic | Total (n = 8257) | Low grip strength (n = 2123) | Normal grip strength (n = 6134) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio‐demographics | ||||
| Age, median (IQR), year | 58 (16) | 61 (16) | 56 (16) | <0.001 |
| Gender | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 3902 (47.3) | 1237 (58.3) | 2665 (43.4) | |
| Male | 4355 (52.7) | 886 (41.7) | 3469 (56.6) | |
| Height, median (IQR), cm | 162 (11) | 160 (10) | 163 (12) | <0.001 |
| Weight, median (IQR), kg | 59.9 (15) | 55 (13) | 60 (14) | <0.001 |
| Smoking history | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 3274 (39.7) | 691 (32.5) | 2583 (42.1) | |
| No | 4983 (60.3) | 1442 (67.5) | 3551 (57.9) | |
| Alcohol drinking | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1521 (18.4) | 282 (13.3) | 1239 (20.2) | |
| No | 6736 (81.6) | 1841 (86.7) | 4895 (79.8) | |
| Tea drinking | ||||
| Yes | 2120 (25.7) | 450 (21.2) | 1670 (27.2) | <0.001 |
| No | 6137 (74.3) | 1673 (78.8) | 4464 (72.8) | |
| Nutritional indices | ||||
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 22.5 (4.6) | 21.5 (4.8) | 22.8 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin | 125 (26) | 118 (28) | 127 (25) | <0.001 |
| Serum albumin | 39.2 (6.8) | 37.6 (7.9) | 39.7 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| NRS 2002 scores | <0.001 | |||
| <3 | 5732 (69.4) | 1211 (57.0) | 4521 (73.7) | |
| ≥3 | 2525(30.6) | 912 (43.0) | 1613 (26.3) | |
| PG‐SGA | <0.001 | |||
| 0–1 | 1946 (23.6) | 241 (11.4) | 1705 (27.8) | |
| 2–3 | 1281 (15.5) | 273 (12.9) | 1008 (16.4) | |
| 4–8 | 1393 (16.9) | 351 (16.5) | 1042 (17.0) | |
| ≥9 | 3637 (44.0) | 1258 (59.2) | 2379 (38.8) | |
| KPS, median (IQR), scores | 90 (10) | 90 (10) | 90 (0) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 201 (2.4) | 127 (6.0) | 76 (1.2) | |
| Moderate | 1332 (16.2) | 581 (27.4) | 747 (12.2) | |
| Normal | 6724 (81.4) | 1415 (66.6) | 5311 (86.6) | |
| Intake status | <0.001 | |||
| Fasting | 190 (2.3) | 91 (4.3) | 99 (1.6) | |
| Low | 98 (1.2) | 54 (2.5) | 44 (0.7) | |
| Moderate | 1718 (20.8) | 645 (30.4) | 1073 (17.5) | |
| Normal | 6251 (75.7) | 1333 (62.8) | 4918 (80.2) | |
| Weight loss | <0.001 | |||
| 0–1.9% | 5390 (65.3) | 1181 (55.6) | 4209 (68.6) | |
| 2–2.9% | 569 (6.9) | 171 (8.1) | 398 (6.5) | |
| 3–4.9% | 821 (9.9) | 228 (10.7) | 593 (9.7) | |
| 5–9.9% | 1029 (12.5) | 358 (16.9) | 671 (10.9) | |
| ≥10% | 448 (5.4) | 185 (8.7) | 263 (4.3) | |
| MAC, median (IQR), cm | 26.5 (4.8) | 25.2 (4.5) | 27 (4) | <0.001 |
| TSF, median (IQR), mm | 16.5 (10.5) | 15 (12) | 18 (11) | <0.001 |
| Maximum calf girth, median (IQR), mm | 33 (4.5) | 31.8 (4.8) | 33.5 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| Tumour indices | ||||
| Nasopharyngeal cancer | 769 (9.3) | 69 (3.3) | 700 (11.4) | <0.001 |
| Lung cancer | 1706 (20.7) | 381 (17.9) | 1325 (21.6) | <0.001 |
| Breast cancer | 1218 (14.8) | 354 (16.7) | 864 (14.1) | 0.004 |
| Colorectal cancer | 1665 (20.2) | 459 (21.6) | 1206 (19.7) | 0.052 |
| Gastric cancer | 995 (12.1) | 315 (14.8) | 680 (11.1) | <0001 |
| Hepatic cancer | 331 (4.0) | 64 (3.0) | 267 (4.4) | 0.007 |
| Esophageal cancer | 517 (6.3) | 138 (6.5) | 379 (6.2) | 0.598 |
| Cervical cancer | 410 (5.0) | 132 (6.2) | 278 (4.5) | 0.002 |
| Ovarian cancer | 215 (2.6) | 73 (3.4) | 142 (2.3) | 0.005 |
| Others | 431 (5.2) | 138 (6.5) | 293 (4.8) | 0.001 |
| TNM stages | 0.001 | |||
| 0 | 89 (1.1) | 37 (1.7) | 52 (0.8) | |
| I | 1017 (12.3) | 257 (12.1) | 760 (12.4) | |
| II | 1923 (23.3) | 506 (23.8) | 1417 (23.1) | |
| III | 2860 (34.6) | 687 (32.4) | 2173 (35.4) | |
| IV | 2401 (29.0) | 661 (30.7) | 1740 (28.4) | |
| Previous treatments | ||||
| Surgery | 5262 (63.7) | 1427 (67.2) | 3835 (62.5) | <0.001 |
| Chemotherapy | 3736 (45.2) | 938 (44.2) | 2798 (45.6) | 0.253 |
| Curative chemotherapy | 1201 (14.5) | 277 (13.0) | 924 (15.1) | 0.023 |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 368 (4.5) | 96 (4.5) | 272 (4.4) | 0.866 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 1838 (22.3) | 474 (22.3) | 1364 (22.2) | 0.931 |
| Maintenance chemotherapy | 76 (0.9) | 25 (1.2) | 51 (0.8) | 0.150 |
| Palliative chemotherapy | 521 (6.3) | 121 (5.7) | 400 (6.5) | 0.180 |
| Radiotherapy | 1737 (21.0) | 352 (16.6) | 1385 (22.6) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 624 (7.6) | 192 (9.0) | 432(7.0) | 0.003 |
| Hypertension | 1373 (16.6) | 414 (19.5) | 959 (15.6) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 323 (3.9) | 114 (5.4) | 209 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 120 (1.5) | 22 (1.0) | 98 (1.6) | 0.062 |
| Chronic hepatitis | 419 (5.1) | 96 (4.5) | 323 (5.3) | 0.178 |
| COPD | 67 (0.8) | 28 (1.3) | 39 (0.6) | 0.002 |
| Stroke | 57 (0.7) | 27 (1.3) | 30 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Total hospital stay, median (IQR), days | 12 (12) | 12 (12) | 12 (12) | 0.962 |
| Hospitalization costs, median (IQR), yuan | 20 721 (32 659) | 20 819 (34 506) | 20 715 (31 743) | 0.446 |
Data are represented as median (interquartile range) or number (%).
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, interquartile range; KPS, Karnofsky performance scores; MAC, mid‐arm circumference; NRS 2002, nutrition risk screening 2002; PG‐SGA, patient‐generated subjective nutrition assessment; TNM, tumour‐lymph node‐metastasis; TSF, triceps fold thickness.