Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of the Reasoning Cognitive Training Group and the active Control Group at baseline, 6‐week follow‐up, and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up
| Characteristics | Participants who completed baseline and 6‐week follow‐up (n = 4,309) | Participants who completed 3‐month follow‐up (n = 4,195) | Participants who completed 6‐month follow‐up (n = 771) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ReaCT n = 2,556 |
Control n = 1753 |
p‐value |
ReaCT n = 2,513 |
Control n = 1,682 |
p‐value |
ReaCT n = 595 |
Control n = 176 |
p‐value | |
| Age,y | 58.5 (6.5) | 59.1 (6.6) | .002 | 58.2 (6.5) | 59.1 (6.6) | .005 | 59.03 (6.44) | 60.81 (7.24) | .002 |
| Sex, female | 1752 (68.5) | 1,093 (62.4) | .000 | 1,720 (68.7) | 1,036 (68.8) | .000 | 425 (71.4) | 98 (55.7) | .000 |
| Ethnic origin | .113 | .133 | .721 | ||||||
| Asian | 25 (1) | 10 (0.6) | 23 (0.9) | 9 (0.5) | 8 (1.3) | 1 (0.6) | |||
| Black | 7 (0.3) | 4 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | |||
| Middle Eastern | 2 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Mixed White/Black | 8 (0.3) | 8 (0.5) | 8 (0.3) | 8 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Mixed White/Asian | 9 (0.4) | 11 (0.6) | 8 (0.3) | 11 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | |||
| White | 2,478 (96.9) | 1707 (97.4) | 2,427 (97.0) | 1628 (97.4) | 582 (97.8) | 172 (97.7) | |||
| Other | 28 (1.1) | 9 (0.5) | 28 (1.1) | 9 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | |||
| Education | .049 | .094 | .039 | ||||||
| None | 44 (1.7) | 37 (2.1) | 41 (1.6) | 34 (2.0) | 5 (0.8) | 2 (1.1) | |||
| Primary school | 14 (0.6) | 9 (0.5) | 13 (0.5) | 9 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) | 2 (1.1) | |||
| Secondary school | 400 (15.6) | 320 (18.3) | 391 (15.6) | 297 (17.8) | 86 (14.5) | 37 (21.0) | |||
| Further education | 777 (30.4) | 556 (31.7) | 759 (30.3) | 531 (31.8) | 175 (29.4) | 61 (34.7) | |||
| University graduate | 1,322 (51.7) | 831 (47.4) | 1,299 (51.9) | 801 (47.9) | 326 (54.8) | 74 (42.0) | |||
| Baddeley Grammatic Reasoning Test | 14.4 (5.3) | 14.1 (5.3) | .134 | 14.4 (5.2) | 14.2 (5.2) | .131 | 14.57 (5.28) | 13.71 (5.24) | .057 |
| SWM Test | 5.0 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.2) | .110 | 5.0 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.2) | .103 | 5.06 (1.26) | 4.91 (1.22) | .174 |
| Paired Associate Learning Test | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.6) | .102 | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.6) | .130 | 3.53 (0.61) | 3.42 (0.60) | .017 |
| Digit Span Ladder Test | 4.8 (1.1) | 4.7 (1.1) | .559 | 4.8 (1.1) | 4.7 (1.1) | .508 | 4.85 (1.11) | 4.63 (1.11) | .031 |
Age (in years), Baddeley Grammatic Reasoning Test, SWM Test, Paired Associate Learning Test, and Digit Span Ladder Test are reported with means and standard deviations. All other values are n (%). P‐values indicate group differences between the two groups at each of the three time points. Group differences were calculated using t tests and chi‐square tests, where appropriate.
Abbreviations: ReaCT, reasoning cognitive training; SWM, Spatial working memory.