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. 2021 Jan;27(1):66–79. doi: 10.1261/rna.076810.120

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© 2021 Mukhopadhyay et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the RNA Society

This article is distributed exclusively by the RNA Society for the first 12 months after the full-issue publication date (see http://rnajournal.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After 12 months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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FIGURE 7. — Overview of Ψ55 synthesis in different tRNAs. TRUB1 produces Ψ55 in U54U55-containing tRNA^Ala and A54U55-containing tRNA^AU-Ala in the nucleus. Modified tRNAs are then exported to the cytoplasm. Conversion of U54 to T54 in tRNA^Ala is not shown here. Nuclear PUS10 (nh-PUS10) inhibits nuclear TRUB1 activity by binding to U54U55-containing tRNA^Trp that has AAAU at position 57–60, and to A54U55-containing tRNA^iMet, that has GAAA at position 57–60. These tRNAs are consequently exported to the cytoplasm with an unmodified U55. Cytoplasmic PUS10 (ch-PUS10) produces both Ψ54 and Ψ55 in tRNA^Trp, but not in tRNA^iMet.