Table 5. Associations With a Diagnosis of Vaginal Coinfection.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ED, emergency department; ESI, emergency severity index; HPF, high-power field; OR, odds ratio; RBC, red blood cell; T. vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis; vs, versus; WBC, white blood cell; y, year.
a Presented as percentage and number of patients or mean (SD) and number of patients.
b Considered positive for T. vaginalis if seen on urinalysis or wet preparation, or had a positive NAAT. Considered negative for T. vaginalis only if negative by NAAT. Those who were negative for T. vaginalis by wet preparation but who did not have a NAAT were not included in the denominator.
| Characteristic | + Vaginal coinfectiona | - Vaginal coinfectiona | OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted P value |
| Age, y | 30.3 (10.2); 286 | 28.7 (9.3); 16,198 | NA | .008 | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) | .001 |
| Black/African American race (vs not) | 95.1 (270/284) | 88.6 (14,287/16,130) | 2.49 (1.45-4.27) | < .001 | 2.57 (1.50-4.40) | < .001 |
| Married/life partner (vs other) | 8.0 (23/286) | 9.4 (1,516/16,153) | 0.84 (0.55-1.30) | .54 | 0.87 (0.56-1.35) | .53 |
| Admitted from ED (vs admit) | 2.8% (8/286) | 5.9% (952/16,198) | .46 (.23-.93) | .03 | .47 (.23-.96) | .04 |
| Primary care doctor (vs not) | 25.2 (72/286) | 17.4 (2,811/16,198) | 1.60 (1.22-2.10) | < .001 | 1.61 (1.23-2.13) | < .001 |
| ESI (range, 1-5) | 3.3 (0.5); 261 | 3.2 (0.5); 15,486 | NA | < .001 | 1.63 (1.29-2.07) | < .001 |
| Triage pain scale (range, 0-10) | 5.2 (4.0); 33 | 5.2 (3.7); 1,724 | NA | .97 | 1.00 (0.91-1.10) | .93 |
| Wet preparation WBC, cells/HPF | 18.9 (21.5); 286 | 12.8 (17.5); 16,198 | NA | < .001 | 1.01 (1.01-1.02) | < .001 |
| Wet preparation +clue cells | 89.5 (256/286) | 41.6 (6,732/16,198) | 12.0 (8.21-17.54) | < .001 | 11.86 (8.10-17.37) | < .001 |
| Wet preparation +yeast | 41.3 (118/286) | 5.9 (947/16,198) | 11.31 (8.86-14.44) | < .001 | 11.44 (8.94-14.63) | < .001 |
| Wet preparation + T vaginalis | 52.8 (151/286) | 7.6 (1,226/16,198) | 13.66 (10.75-17.35) | < .001 | 12.87 (10.10-16.38) | < .001 |
| Positive for T vaginalisb | 87.5 (161/184) | 27.2 (1,641/6,033) | 18.7 (12.1-29.1) | < .001 | 17.96 (11.53-27.98) | < .001 |
| Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or both | 11.7 (33/281) | 9.9 (1,556/15,782) | 1.22 (0.84-1.76) | .31 | 1.30 (0.89-1.91) | .17 |
| Urine WBCs, ≥10 cells/HPF | 142 (61.7); 230 | 4197 (40.6); 10,346 | NA | < .001 | 2.37 (1.81-3.11) | < .001 |
| Urine RBCs, ≥10 cells/HPF | 65 (28.4); 229 | 3064 (29.6); 10,344 | NA | .71 | 0.95 (0.71-1.27) | .71 |
| Urine bacteria (0, 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+) | 1.2 (1.2); 231 | 1.0 (1.1); 10,345 | NA | .001 | 1.19 (1.06-1.33) | .002 |
| Urine leukocyte esterase (0, 1+, 2+, 3+, or 4+) | 1.8 (1.3); 260 | 0.8 (1.1); 14,339 | NA | < .001 | 1.88 (1.70-2.07) | < .001 |
| Positive urine nitrite (vs negative) | 4.9 (13/263) | 3.7 (531/14,370) | 1.4 (0.8-2.4) | .32 | 1.35 (0.76-2.37) | .30 |
| Urine pH (range, 5-9) | 6.0 (0.9); 263 | 6.0 (0.9); 14,374 | NA | .97 | 1.02 (0.89-1.17) | .74 |
| Metronidazole given in ED or prescription (vs not) | 87.4 (250/286) | 39.6 (6,412/16,198) | 10.6 (7.5-15.1) | < .001 | 10.56 (7.39-15.09) | < .001 |
| Treated for gonorrhea/chlamydia in ED (vs not) | 35.0 (100/286) | 18.2 (2,954/16,198) | 2.4 (1.9-3.1) | < .001 | 2.37 (1.85-3.04) | < .001 |