Neonatal Abx administration leads to behavioral deficits and myelin dysregulation in adulthood. (A) Novel object recognition task. (B) Light/dark box; (i) % time spent in the light, (ii) Frequency of transitions. (C) Open field test; (i) Distance travelled, (ii) Frequency of transitions, (iii) Time in inner zone. Expression of myelin-associated genes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC; D) and hippocampus (E). N = 14–16 for behavioral tests; N = 7–8 for qPCR; N = 5 for IF. (F) Gene expression (N = 8) and IF (N = 5) for MBP in the PFC region. DAPI in blue and MBP in red. Scale bar 20 µm. Unpaired T-test *p < 0.05. Females denoted as light grey circles, and males as dark grey squares. Students T-test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.