Table 2.
Regional anesthesia use in pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, knee arthroplasty, and shoulder arthroplasty procedures (n = 11,404)
| Characteristics | n | % | p value | Standardized difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | 0.006 | 0.035 | ||
| 3–10 | 101 | 16.7 | ||
| 11–14 | 1376 | 14.7 | ||
| 15–18 | 6821 | 14.1 | ||
| 19–20 | 3106 | 15.0 | ||
| Sex | 0.002 | 0.031 | ||
| Female | 4888 | 14.9 | ||
| Male | 6516 | 14.1 | ||
| Race | < 0.001 | 0.235 | ||
| Asian | 89 | 9.8 | ||
| Black | 575 | 9.7 | ||
| Other | 1289 | 10.8 | ||
| Unknown | 1007 | 23.5 | ||
| White | 8444 | 15.0 | ||
| Hispanic status | < 0.001 | − 0.138 | ||
| No | 11,117 | 14.7 | ||
| Yes | 287 | 7.6 | ||
| Procedure year | < 0.001 | 0.203 | ||
| 2005 | 791 | 12.6 | ||
| 2006 | 801 | 11.2 | ||
| 2007 | 897 | 13.8 | ||
| 2008 | 708 | 10.7 | ||
| 2009 | 944 | 13.1 | ||
| 2010 | 1068 | 13.9 | ||
| 2011 | 927 | 12.8 | ||
| 2012 | 1230 | 16.2 | ||
| 2013 | 1366 | 17.9 | ||
| 2014 | 1389 | 18.1 | ||
| 2015 | 1283 | 17.0 | ||
| Location | < 0.001 | − 0.318 | ||
| Rural | 120 | 2.1 | ||
| Urban | 11,284 | 13.8 | ||
| In-state | < 0.001 | − 0.717 | ||
| No | 3374 | 53.8 | ||
| Yes | 8030 | 11.0 | ||
| Insurance | < 0.001 | 0.391 | ||
| Medicaid | 390 | 5.7 | ||
| Other | 142 | 6.2 | ||
| Private | 6717 | 19.0 | ||
| Unknown | 4155 | 12.0 | ||
| Sports injury | < 0.001 | 0.481 | ||
| No | 7515 | 11.4 | ||
| Yes | 3889 | 28.9 | ||
| Procedure type | < 0.001 | 0.298 | ||
| ACL repair | 4919 | 19.2 | ||
| Knee arthroscopy | 4071 | 10.9 | ||
| Shoulder arthroscopy | 2414 | 15.0 |
*8083 missing anesthesia variable not included