Table 1.

Summary of published papers examining the incidence of BPI

Author(s); title; year of publication	Study design	Estimate	Notes
Goldie BS, Coates CJ. Brachial plexus injury: a survey of incidence and referral pattern. 1992. [11]	Survey of UK orthopedic consultants and chart review at two referral centers	Estimate of 336 traumatic BPI cases in a single year (1986) in the UK	Validity and generalizability limited by study design.
Midha M. Epidemiology of brachial plexus injuries in a multitrauma population. 1997. [16]	Chart review of consecutive multitrauma cases over 9 years at a Canadian trauma center	1.2% of multitrauma patients (1986 to 1994)	Only captures BPI that presented through trauma or emergency departments.
Flores LP. Epidemiological study of the traumatic brachial plexus injuries in adults. 2006. [9]	Prospective assessment of 35 consecutively treated BPI patients in Brazil	1.75 per 100,000 local population per year (2004 to 2005)	Does not account for those who received care in private hospitals.
Lad SP, et al. Trends in median, ulnar, radial, and brachioplexus nerve injuries in the United States. 2010. [14]	Analysis of US administrative database (Nationwide Inpatient Samples)	Average of 2162 BPI discharges per year (1993 to 2006)	Diagnosis codes only (treatment codes not included for BPI). Only captures hospital-based (inpatient) care. Number of BPI-related discharges per year not published.
Current study	Analysis of national commercial insurance database (MarketScan), extrapolated to national population	Average annual incidence of surgically treated BPI is 0.89 per 100,000 people ages 18 to 64 years (2008 through 2014)	National all-payer incidence estimate was extrapolated using previously published payer mix for BPI patients.

BPI brachial plexus injury, UK United Kingdom