Table 2.

Summary of research questions, data collection, and analyses

Research question	Data source	Data analysis
RQ 1: What effect does the change from a conventional flipped classroom format to an online flipped format have on student learning performance?	Student final course marks	Descriptive statistics, Inferential statistics
RQ 2: What are the good practices for videoconferencing-assisted online flipped classrooms, as perceived by students and teaching staff?	Student self-reflection, Instructor’s and teaching assistants’ self-reflection	Content analysis using the grounded approach