Table 4.

Phases of the 5E framework and examples of activities in the online flipped classroom

5E phase	Component	Sample teaching and learning activities	Mode
Engage	Pre-class	Depict real-life situations (videos, case-studies); trigger learners’ interest in the subject matter	Online (asynchronous)
Explore	Pre-class	Learner completes self-reflection (forum) Learner asks questions if necessary (WeChat)	Online (asynchronous)
Explain	Pre-class	Learner articulates own opinions (forum) Learner participates in focused peer discussion on specific issues/topics (forum) Learner asks questions if necessary (WeChat)	Online (asynchronous)
Elaborate	In-class	Teacher-led class discussion to build understanding; teacher demonstration of strategies (if necessary) (Zoom)	Online (synchronous)
Evaluate	In-class	Student individual/group work and presentation, followed by teacher and peer feedback (Zoom)	Online (synchronous)