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. 2020 Dec 9;70(12):1108–1119. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biaa140

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figure 1. — Conceptual diagram illustrating different possible fates of added nitrogen to salt marshes. (a) nitrogen is added in the reduced form of ammonium (NH4+). (b) nitrogen is added in the oxidized form of nitrate (NO3−). We propose that when nitrogen is added as NO3−, it will be predominantly used as an electron acceptor to fuel dissimilatory bacterial respiration rather than to stimulate primary production. ANR = assimilatory nitrate reduction, NIT = nitrification, DNF = denitrification, DNRA = dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.