Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2020 Oct 14;335:113508. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113508

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

The impact of comorbidities in immune/inflammatory reaction in ischemic stroke. Comorbidities shared in cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases are often characterized by chronic low-grade inflammatory status in the periphery. The conditions alter immune cell composition and phenotypes. These comorbidity-primed immune cells enter into the CNS after stroke lead to impaired and inappropriate immune responses in the CNS and exacerbated stroke outcomes. Several immunomodulating strategies aim at the peripheral immune system are suggested to improve the acute injury and long-term recovery in the comorbid stroke.