Fig. 5.

Effects of disturbed flow or SIA removal on mitochondrial ROS levels. (A) HUVEC were exposed to USS (15 dyn cm^-2), OSS (±5 dyn cm^-2, 1 Hz) or maintained in static conditions for 48 h. (B) HUVEC were treated with neuraminidase (Neur., 2 U ml^-1, 30 min) before exposure to USS (15 dyn cm^-2) for 1 h. At the end of all treatments, cells were incubated with the mitochondrial ROS indicator MitoSOX Red and maintained in static culture (30 min) before fixation and imaging. Cell nuclei were co-stained with DAPI which was omitted for clarity. Representative images and quantification of mean fluorescence intensity normalized to the number of cell nuclei are shown. Data denote mean ± S.E.M. (n = 4 different donors). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 (1 or 2-way ANOVA). Scale bar=50 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)