High-dose radiation (three 12-Gy fractions) led to increased numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) at tumor sites in a mouse model of lung cancer. (A) Mice were inoculated in the right hind legs with 344SQ non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cells to establish tumors and then deliver high-dose radiotherapy (RT) as shown. Tumors were harvested, processed, and analyzed by flow cytometry at 3 days (n = 5 samples) and 5 days (n = 5 samples) after the final fraction of RT (arrows). (B, C) Percentages and absolute cell numbers of pDCs were analyzed by gating on CD45+ population, followed by CD11c+ PDCA-1+ subpopulation, as also shown by the dot plots. (D) Percentages and absolute numbers of DCs were analyzed using CD11c+ CD103+ markers. (E, F) Percentages and absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells and CD49b+ natural killer (NK) cells were analyzed. Student t-tests were conducted to compare statistical significance between groups. *p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.