Table 1.
Comparison of the demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics between healthy controls and patients with MDD.
| Variables | Healthy control | MDD | Comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| t/χ2a | p | |||
| Cases [n] | 30 | 57 | - | - |
| Age (years) [mean (SD)] | 58.1 (15.1) | 57.0 (10.6) | 0.383 | 0.671 |
| Age range (years) | 29–82 | 29–77 | - | - |
| Female [n (%)] | 16 (53.3) | 46 (80.7) | χ2 = 7.189 | 0.007 |
| Education (years) [mean (SD)] | 7.3 (3.4) | 7.7 (3.0) | t = 0.521 | 0.604 |
| Marriage_Single [n (%)] | 1 (3.3) | 6 (10.5) | χ2 = 1.998 | 0.573 |
| Marriage_Married [n (%)] | 25 (83.3) | 42 (73.7) | ||
| Marriage_Divorce [n (%)] | 3 (10.0) | 5 (8.8) | ||
| Marriage_Widowed [n (%)] | 1 (3.3) | 4 (7.0) | ||
| Family History [n (%)] | 0 (0) | 6 (10.5) | χ2 = 1.951 | 0.163 |
| Age of MDD onset (years) [mean (SD)] | - | 48.4 (14.2) | - | - |
| No. of MDD episode [mean (SD)] | - | 2.6 (1.8) | - | - |
| No. of hospitalization [mean (SD)] | - | 1.8 (1.5) | - | - |
| Course (months) [mean (SD)] | - | 8.5 (8.6) | - | - |
| Baseline HAM-D [mean (SD)] | ||||
| HAM-D total score [n (%)] | - | 30.8 (4.8) | - | - |
| HAM-D factor-1: anxiety/somatization | - | 8.5 (3.0) | - | - |
| HAM-D factor-2: weight | - | 1.1 (0.9) | - | - |
| HAM-D factor-3: cognitive disturbance | - | 3.6 (2.4) | - | - |
| HAM-D factor-4: retardation | - | 2.1 (0.9) | - | - |
| HAM-D factor-5: diurnal variation | - | 6.4 (1.6) | - | - |
| HAM-D factor-6: sleep disorder | - | 4.9 (1.5) | - | - |
| HAM-D factor-7: desperation | - | 4.2 (1.9) | - | - |
| Antidepressants (mg per day) [mean (SD)] | ||||
| Duloxetine | - | 5 (8.8) | - | - |
| Escitalopram | - | 26 (45.6) | - | - |
| Paroxetine | - | 14 (24.6) | - | - |
| Venlafaxine | - | 12 (21.1) | - | - |
| Fluoxetine-equivalent dose | - | 75.8 (94.7) | - | - |
| Week 2 | - | - | ||
| HAM-D total score [mean (SD)] | - | 15.8 (3.2) | - | - |
| Δ1 HAM-D [mean (SD)]b | - | 15.0 (3.1) | - | - |
| Δ1 HAM-D improvement rate (%) [mean (SD)]c | - | 48.8 (6.5) | - | - |
| Week 12 | - | - | ||
| HAM-D total score [mean (SD)] | - | 7.5 (2.0) | - | - |
| Δ2 HAM-D [mean (SD)]d | - | 23.3 (4.8) | - | - |
| Δ2 HAM-D improvement rate (%) [mean (SD)]e | - | 75.2 (6.7) | - | - |
a
t/χ2: t for t test, χ2 for kappa test.
b
Δ1. HAM-D: baseline HAM-D—week 2 HAM-D.
c
Δ1 HAM-D improvement rate (%): (baseline HAM-D—week 2 HAM-D)/baseline HAM-D.
d
Δ2. HAM-D: baseline HAM-D—week 12 HAM-D.
e
Δ2 HAM-D improvement rate (%): (baseline HAM-D—week 12 HAM-D)/baseline HAM-D.
Significant P values are bolded.