Table 2.
PCSK9 and its interaction with the vasculature.
| A) Vascular cells | ||
|---|---|---|
| PCSK9 | Effect of PCSK9 | |
| Endothelial cells | + | PCSK9 →LDL-R, LOX-1 ↑ |
| Smooth muscle cells | ++ | Ang II → PCSK9 ↓ → LDL-R ↑ |
| Macrophages | PCSK9 → ABCA1 ↓ → Cholesterol Efflux ↓ | |
| PCSK9→ CD36 ↑ | ||
| B) Cells interacting with the vasculature | ||
| Leukocytes | + | PCSK9 → Pro-inflammatory cytokines ↑ |
| Monocytes | PCSK9 → LDL-R ↓ → CCR2 ↓ → Migration ↓ | |
| Platelets | PCSK9/CD36 → Thrombosis ↑ | |
→, effect on; ↓, reduction; ↑, induction; LDL-R, low density lipoprotein-receptor; LOX-1, ox-LDL receptor; Ang II, angiotensin II; ABCA1, ATP binding cassette transporter A1; CCR2, C-C- chemokine receptor type 2; and CD36, fatty acid translocase (FAT = cluster of differentiation 36).