Table 1.
Effects of gonadectomy or sex steroid treatments in vivo or ex vivo in different teleost species.
| Species | Stages/sex | Pituitary synthesis | Secretion | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lh | Fsh | Lh | Fsh | |||
| African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) |
immature M | GDX ↓ Lh T ↑ Lh (not 11-KT) | (61) | |||
| mature M | GDX ↓ Lh E2 estrone T and AS, ↑ Lh (not DHT or 11β-OHA4) |
GDX ↑; T and AS ↓ (not E2, E1, DHT or 11β-OHA4) | (62) | |||
| GDX ↓ lhb 11-KT ↑ lhb | (63) | |||||
| Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulates) | maturing mix M/F | E2 ↑ lhb | E2 ↓ fshb | (64) | ||
| Late maturing/mature mix M/F | No effect of E2 or GDX on lhb | GDX ↑ fshb
E2 ↓ fshb |
No effect of GDX or E2 on basal Lh level GDX ↑, and T and E2 ↓ Gnrh-induced stimulation |
|||
| M | E2 ↑ (not T, DHT) | (65) | ||||
| immature M and F | T ↑ Lh | (66) | ||||
| Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
maturing M | T and 11-KA ↑ Lh | Summer: GDX ↑ Fsh T and 11-KA ↓ Fsh | Summer: GDX ↑ T and 11-KA ↓ |
(67) | |
| mature M | GDX ↓ Lh T and 11-KA ↑ Lh |
GDX ↓ Fsh 11-KA ↑ Fsh Summer: T ↓ Fsh Autumn: T ↑ Fsh |
GDX ↓ T ↑ (not 11-KA) |
GDX ↓ 11-KA ↑ Summer: T ↓ Autumn: T ↑ |
(68) | |
| Black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) |
immature M | E2 ↑ lhb | E2 ↑ fshb | (51) | ||
| 2 years old M | E2 ↑ (not T, 11-KT) | (69) | ||||
| mature M | E2 ↑ lhb | E2 ↑ (not T, 11-KT) | (70) | |||
| M (spawning season) | E2 ↑ Lh (not T) | E2 ↑ (not T) | (71) | |||
| protandric transition | E2 ↑ | (72) | ||||
| M and F | E2 ↑ (not T, 11-KT) | (73) | ||||
| Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) | M and F | T and E2 ↑ lhb and Lh | E2 ↓ fshb in M (not in F) No effect of E2 or T on Fsh |
T and E2 ↓ | (74) | |
| European eel (Anguilla anguilla) |
silver (immature) F | E2 ↑ Lh (not T) | no effect of E2 or T | (75) | ||
| T and E2 ↑ lhb | (76) | |||||
| E2 ↑ lhb (not T or DHT) | no effect of E2, T, or DHT on fshb | (77) | ||||
| silver M | T and E2 ↑ Lh | (75) | ||||
| Goldfish (Carassius auratus) |
immature mixed sex | T and 11-HA for 12 or 24h ↓ while 48,72 and 96h ↑ lhb | (78) | |||
| E2 and T ↑ lhb (not 11-KT) | E2, T and 11-KT ↓ fshb | (79) | ||||
| early recrudescent M and F | 11-KT ↓ lhb
E2, and T in F, ↑ lhb |
E2,T and 11-KT ↓ fshb | E2 ↑ in M only (not T or 11-KT) | (80) | ||
| mature M and F | E2 ↑ lhb in M only (not T or 11-KT) | No effects of T, E2, or 11-KT on fshb | T ↑ in F only (not E2 or 11-KT) | (80) | ||
| early recrudescent and mature F | no effect of GDX, T, E2, or 11-KT on lhb |
GDX ↑ fshb
E2, T, and 11-KT ↓ fshb |
(79) | |||
| mature F | E2 ↓ | (81) | ||||
| no effect of GDX, T, or E2 on Lh | GDX ↑ T and E2 ↓ | (82) | ||||
| no effect of E2 or T | (83) | |||||
| mature mixed sex | T and 11-HA ↑ lhb | (78) | ||||
| mature F + M (in vivo and ex-vivo) | E2 ↑ lhb and Lh | E2 ↑ fshb | (84) | |||
| Hybrid striped bass | female (mid-vitellogenesis) | no effect of GDX on Lh GDX ↑ lhb E2 ↓ lhb and Lh |
GDX ↑ fshb
E2 ↓ fshb |
(85) | ||
| Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) |
F (preparatory phase) | GDX ↓ lhb E2 ↑ lhb | GDX ↑ fshb E2 ↓ fshb | (86) | ||
| F (resting phase) | no effect of GDX or E2 on lhb | GDX ↑ fshb E2 ↓ fshb | ||||
| mature F | GDX ↑ | (87) | ||||
| Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) |
silver | E2 ↑ Lh | E2 ↑ | (88) | ||
| Masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) |
yearling and 2 years old | no effect of GDX on Lh MT ↑ Lh |
GDX ↑ | (89) | ||
| Medaka (Oryzias latipes) |
mature F | E2 and 11KT ↑ lhb | E2 and 11KT ↓ fshb | (9) | ||
| mature F and M | E2 ↓ lhb in F no effect of E2 on lhb in M |
(90) | ||||
| mature M and F | E2 ↓ lhb | (91) | ||||
| Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
F (early vitellogenesis) | E2 ↓ lhb | E2 ↓ fshb | E2 ↓ | No effect of E2 | (49) |
| Orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) |
mature F | no effect of GDX or E2 on lhb | GDX ↑ fshb E2 ↓ fshb | (92) | ||
| Ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) |
in vitro pituitary fragments from F | E2, T and 11-KT ↑ lhb | no effect of E2, T, or 11-KT on fshb | (21) | ||
| Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
F (early vitellogenesis) | E2 ↑ Lh | no effect of E2 | (93) | ||
| mature M (spermiation) | GDX ↑ E2, T, and 11-KT ↓ | (94) | ||||
| mature M (early spermatogenesis) | GDX ↑ E2 and T ↓ | |||||
| mature M (resting phase) | GDX and T ↑ | |||||
| mature M (late spermatogenesis) | No effect of GDX, T, or E2 | (94) | ||||
| immature M and F | T ↑ lhb and Lh | T ↑ Gnrh-induced stimulation | (66, 95, 96) | |||
| mature F (late vitellogenesis) | GDX ↑ no effect of E2 |
(97) | ||||
| mature F (post ovulatory) | no effect of GDX or E2 | |||||
| mature F (germinal vesicle migration) | GDX ↑ E2 ↓ | |||||
| Immature M and F | T only in F, and E1, E2, and others* ↑ Lh | (98) | ||||
| organ culture from immature F | MT and E2 ↑ Lh | no effect of MT or E2 | (99) | |||
| immature M | T ↑ | (100) | ||||
| immature F | E2 ↑ Lh | No effect of E2 | (101) | |||
| triploid (immature) F | T and E2 ↑ Lh | T ↑ (not E2) | (102) | |||
| immature yearlings | T and E2 ↑ Lh | T ↑ Fsh E2 ↓ Fsh | T↑ (not E2) | T ↑ (but not E2) | (103) | |
| vitellogenic F | No effect of GDX or E2 | GDX ↑ E2 ↓ | (104) | |||
| immature F | No effect of E2 | E2 ↓ | ||||
| mature F | T (and E2) ↓ | (105) | ||||
| previtellogenic F | E2 ↑ | E2 ↓ Fsh | (57) | |||
| F | No effect of GDX or E2 | GDX ↑ E2 ↓ | (106) | |||
| Red sea bream (Pagrus major) |
immature M | T ↓ lhb (not E2 or 11-KT) | 11-KT and T ↓ fshb (not E2) | T ↓ (not E2 or 11-KT) | (107) | |
| mature M | 11-KT ↑ lhb (not E2 or T) | No effect of E2, T, or 11-KT on fshb | No effect of E2, T or 11-KT | |||
| Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) |
prepubertal F | E2 and T ↑ lhb | no effect of E2 or T on fshb | (108, 109) | ||
| Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) |
mature M and F | E2 T or DHT ↑ Lh; T ↑ lhb (not DHT or E2) |
E2, T or DHT ↓ fshb | no effect of E2, T or DHT | (110) | |
| mature F and M | no effect of GDX or T on lhb | (GDX ↑ fshb) T ↓ fshb | (111) | |||
| Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) |
immature F | T ↑ Lh | no effect of T | (112) | ||
M, Males; F, Females; 11β-OHA4, 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione; 11-HA, 11-hydroxyandrosterone; AS, androstenedione; E1, Estrone; 11-KA, 11-ketoandrostenedione; Others* include estriol, MT, testosterone propionate [11-oxygenated steroids, 11-KT, and 11-HA]; []: high concentrations are needed to provide significant differences.