Table 3.

Overall mortality of study participants with NAFLD by smoking status and smoking intensity.

Variables	Person-years	Deaths	Deaths per 1,000 person-years	Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)
					Model 1	Model 2
MEN (n = 2,315)
Smoking status
Never smoker (n = 842)	7,131.2	113	15.8	Reference	Reference	Reference
Former smoker (n = 780)	6,425.9	151	23.5	1.16 (0.82–1.64)	1.27 (0.90–1.79)	1.31 (0.93–1.85)
Current smoker (n = 693)	5,812.4	107	18.4	1.35 (0.94–1.95)	1.52 (0.98–2.33)	1.41 (0.96–2.08)
Pack-years
0 (n = 842)	7,131.2	113	15.8	Reference	Reference	Reference
<10 (n = 116)	982.4	12	12.2	1.79 (0.86–3.74)	2.10 (0.90–4.88)	1.46 (0.65–3.25)
10-19.9 (n = 93)	805.4	11	13.7	1.50 (0.54–4.19)	1.64 (0.44–6.04)	1.73 (0.53–5.64)
≥20 (n = 124)	1,051.7	20	19.0	1.35 (0.72–2.52)	1.20 (0.51–2.81)	1.09 (0.53–2.23)
WOMEN (n = 5,214)
Smoking status
Never smoker (n = 4,839)	41,646.1	482	11.6	Reference	Reference	Reference
Former smoker (n = 204)	1,687.9	42	24.9	1.31 (0.80–2.15)	1.34 (0.86–2.10)	1.32 (0.84–2.11)
Current smoker (n = 171)	1,413.3	33	23.3	1.90 (1.13–3.20)	1.99 (1.11–3.54)	2.09 (1.18–3.71)
Pack-years
0 (n = 4,839)	41,646.1	482	11.6	Reference	Reference	Reference
<10 (n = 24)	204.2	4	19.6	0.64 (0.24–1.76)	0.17 (0.03–1.10)	0.19 (0.03–1.19)
≥10 (n = 21)	176.9	3	17.0	4.60 (2.31–9.15)	5.25 (2.26–12.2)	5.40 (2.19–13.4)

NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Multivariable-adjusted model 1 was adjusted for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, regular exercise, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, history of cardiovascular disease, and history of cerebrovascular disease.

Multivariable-adjusted model 2 was adjusted for the parameters in model 1 plus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and handgrip strength.