The images and the corresponding size distributions of DGL-FA-ASODN-DCA (A), GEL (B), and GEL-DGL-FA-ASODN-DCA (C) were characterized by TEM and DLS, respectively; (D) FTIR of DGL (a), DGL-NH2 (b), DGL-NH2-FA (c); (E) Zeta potentials of DGL-FA-ASODN at pH 7.4, and DGL-FA-ASODN-DCA at pH 7.4, 6.8 and 5.0, respectively; (F) Zeta potentials of GEL-DGL-FA-ASODN at pH 7.4, and GEL-DGL-FA-ASODN-DCA at pH 7.4, 6.8 and 5.0, respectively. The data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).