Table 1.
Patient and Caregiver Cost of Illness Due to Enteric Fever, Sample Characteristics, Karachi, Pakistan, September 2016–December 2018
| Characteristic | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Respondents | ||
| Patients responding to enrollment cost questionnaire | 1029 | 100.0 |
| Patients responding to 6-week follow-up cost questionnaire | 746 | 72.5 |
| Patients who died of enteric fever | 1 | 0.1 |
| Blood culture result | ||
| Salmonella Typhi positive | 807 | 78.4 |
| Salmonella Paratyphi positive | 95 | 9.2 |
| Not positive for either Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi (surgical cases) | 127 | 12.3 |
| Drug resistance of Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi positive cases, n = 902 | ||
| Multidrug-resistantaSalmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi positive | 170 | 18.8 |
| Extensively drug-resistantbSalmonella Typhi positive | 401 | 44.5 |
| No drug–resistant Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi positive | 331 | 36.7 |
| Age, years | ||
| <2 | 107 | 10.4 |
| 2–4 | 203 | 19.7 |
| 5–17 | 450 | 43.7 |
| 18+ | 269 | 26.1 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 624 | 60.6 |
| Female | 405 | 39.4 |
| Household with mobile phone | ||
| Yes | 972 | 94.5 |
| No | 30 | 2.9 |
| Did not respond | 27 | 2.6 |
| Households with electricity | ||
| Yes | 984 | 95.6 |
| No | 16 | 1.6 |
| Did not respond | 29 | 2.8 |
| Households with car/motorcycle | ||
| Yes | 676 | 65.7 |
| No | 326 | 31.7 |
| Did not respond | 27 | 2.6 |
| Household roof material | ||
| Cement | 982 | 95.4 |
| Metal sheets, mats, ceramic, shingles | 27 | 2.6 |
| Natural materials | 20 | 1.9 |
| Households with sanitation | ||
| No toilet | 7 | 0.7 |
| Household flush to sewer system, septic tank, somewhere else | 983 | 95.5 |
| Household pit latrine, bucket or hanging toilet, communal toilet, other | 12 | 1.2 |
| Did not respond | 27 | 2.6 |
| Drinking water treated at home | ||
| Boil | 202 | 19.6 |
| Chlorine liquid, powder, or tablets | 15 | 1.5 |
| Other | 5 | 0.5 |
| Do not treat water | 616 | 59.9 |
| Did not respond | 191 | 18.6 |
aPatients with blood culture–confirmed Salmonella Typhi or S. Paratyphi resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. It excludes extensively drug-resistant S. Typhi cases.
bPatients with blood culture–confirmed S. Typhi resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, or ceftriaxone, and resistant to or with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, or ofloxacin). S. Paratyphi excluded because there was no extensively drug-resistant case in the sample.