Table 5.

Patient and Caregiver Cost of Illness Due to Typhoid Fever: Direct Medical, Direct Nonmedical, Indirect, and Total Costs—Nepal, September 2016–December 2018

	Patients Who Did Not Report Any Inpatient Care Expensesa				Patients Who Reported Inpatient Care Expensesa				All Patients
Cost Type	n	Median	25th Pctl	75th Pctl	n	Median	25th Pctl	75th Pctl	n	Median	25th Pctl	75th Pctl
Direct medical costs, 2018 US $
Total direct medical costs	234	26.79	15.73	46.09	90	139.38	95.73	227.94	324	36.70	19.56	96.19
Registration	211	0.73	0.64	1.37	77	1.19	0.68	2.46	288	0.82	0.64	1.82
Clinical examination	8	1.54	0.43	3.95	4	2.57	1.14	39.82	12	1.86	0.47	4.27
Inpatient stay	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	90	12.76	7.29	28.72	90	12.76	7.29	28.72
Laboratory tests	191	13.79	7.29	22.25	73	37.95	18.23	56.53	264	16.41	10.21	30.11
Drugs and medications	209	7.98	4.56	11.94	78	47.49	21.43	83.52	287	9.57	5.01	24.67
Other servicesb	2	8.25	3.68	12.81	5	3.32	3.32	3.61	7	3.61	3.32	12.81
Direct nonmedical costs, 2018 US $
Total direct nonmedical costs	218	3.46	1.37	8.54	87	16.50	5.47	50.15	305	4.74	1.82	14.42
Transport	208	2.19	1.09	5.47	84	7.07	3.72	17.10	292	2.92	1.19	9.03
Food, lodging, child care	98	2.37	1.37	5.47	50	27.35	13.68	41.32	148	5.15	1.79	22.79
Indirect costs—patient
Days spent seeking care	238	0.21	0.13	0.38	90	7.00	4.00	10.00	328	0.31	0.13	4.04
Days unable to work	39	14.00	7.00	25.00	7	20.00	14.00	44.00	46	14.00	8.00	25.00
Days of sick leave	27	7.00	5.00	14.00	3	12.00	0.21	40.00	30	7.00	5.00	14.00
School days lost	102	14.00	7.00	23.00	60	21.00	12.00	33.00	162	15.00	9.00	26.00
Total productivity loss, 2018 US $	58	41.75	26.33	82.75	9	75.23	52.66	156.58	67	46.97	27.40	82.75
Indirect costs—caregiver
Days spent accompanying the patient seeking care	228	0.29	0.17	1.00	90	10.19	6.13	15.00	318	1.00	0.19	7.02
Days unable to work	36	2.50	1.00	8.00	36	10.00	6.50	13.50	72	7.00	2.00	11.50
Days of sick leave	26	2.00	1.00	3.00	12	6.50	4.50	9.50	38	2.00	1.00	6.00
Total productivity loss, 2018 US $	59	7.83	3.76	26.33	45	33.85	22.57	48.90	104	18.81	7.52	40.91
Cost of illness, 2018 US $
Total cost of illness per case	242	38.90	20.21	77.34	90	189.60	144.70	309.29	332	59.86	24.74	151.23

N = 338.

Abbreviations: N/A, not applicable because it excludes inpatient care; 25th Pctl, 25th percentile; 75th Pctl, 75th percentile.

^aInpatient care expenses: expenses for inpatient care regardless of patient recruitment location (outpatient care, inpatient care, hospital laboratory, surgery).

^bOther services that patients did not report in the above categories (eg, medical materials or equipment for surgery).