Table 5.
Immunomodulatory drugs
| A. Distribution of IM drugs used (n = 134) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Group | IM drug group | N | % |
| I | HCQ + MP | 42 | 31.3 |
| II | HCQ + MP + colchicine | 39 | 29.1 |
| III | HCQ + MP + etoricoxib | 4 | 3.0 |
| IV | HCQ + MP + tocilizumab | 5 | 3.7 |
| V | HCQ | 12 | 9.0 |
| VI | MP* | 9 | 6.7 |
| VII | Others** | 23 | 17.2 |
| Total | 134 | 100 | |
| B. Outcome | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | Requirement of mechanical ventilation | |||||
| Group | Drug | Given | Died | % | Req. vent | % |
| I | HCQ + MP | 42 | 10 | 23.8 | 12 | 28.6 |
| II | HCQ + MP + colchicine | 39 | 11 | 28.2 | 15 | 38.5 |
| III | HCQ + MP + etoricoxib | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| IV | HCQ + MP + tocilizumab | 5 | 2 | 40 | 2 | 40 |
| V | HCQ | 12 | 2 | 16.7 | 1 | 8.3 |
| VI | MP* | 9 | 3 | 33.3 | 3 | 33.3 |
| VII | Others** | 23 | 8 | 34.8 | 7 | 30.4 |
| C. Analysis of IM drugs distribution vs mean ICU and hospital stay | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution of IM drugs | Mean ICU stay (n = 65) | Mean hospital stay (n = 134) | |||
| Group | IM drug | n | Mean | n | Mean |
| I | HCQ + MP | 16 | 3.50 | 42 | 10.67 |
| II | HCQ + MP + colchicine | 31 | 6.39 | 39 | 12.77 |
| III | HCQ + MP + etoricoxib | 0 | 0 | 4 | 11.50 |
| IV | HCQ + MP + tocilizumab | 2 | 15.00 | 5 | 15.60 |
| V | HCQ | 4 | 3.25 | 12 | 10.17 |
| VI | MP* | 4 | 2.50 | 9 | 9.00 |
| VII | Others** | 12 | 6.92 | 23 | 14.52 |
| D. Interval between symptom onset to IM drug initiation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Interval <5 days (n = 94) | Interval ≥5 days (n = 40) |
| Ordinal scale | ||
| Well and discharged home | 60 (63.8) | 31 (77.5) |
| Hospitalized, not requiring O2 | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0) |
| Hospitalized, requiring NIV or high-flow O2 devices | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) |
| Hospitalized, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation | 4 (4.3) | 0 (0) |
| Death | 27 (28.7) | 9 (22.5) |
HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; ICU, intensive care unit; MP, methylprednisolone; NIV, noninvasive ventilation
*
Low dose
**
Contains drug combinations not present in any of the predefined groups