Table 4.

Mean resilience scores among frontline nurses in the emergency department during COVID-19 pandemic (n = 120)

Aspects of resilience	Mean ± SD, f (%)
Hardiness	22.80 ± 3.80
High (24–28)	57 (47.5%)
Moderate (17–23)	57 (47.5%)
Low (<16)	6 (5%)
Self-efficacy	24.15 ± 4.75
High (26–32)	51 (42.5%)
Moderate (16–25)	64 (53.3%)
Low (<15)	5 (4.2%)
Meaningfulness/purpose	12.50 ± 2.45
High (11–16)	94 (78.3%)
Low (<10)	26 (21.7%)
Optimism	18.33 ± 3.28
High (21–24)	37 (30.8%)
Medium (16–20)	55 (45.8%)
Low (<21)	28 (23.4%)