TABLE 1.
Role of TLRs in Hypertension
| Observation | Local | Characteristics | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased expression or activity of TLR | |||
| TLR2 | Femoral artery | Vascular injury but basal BP levels | 89 |
| TLR2 | Kidney | ANG-II | 92 |
| TLR3 | Placenta | Preeclampsia | 93 and 94 |
| TLR4 | MRA | SHR | 71 |
| TLR4 | Cardiac | l-NAME | 73 |
| TLR4 | CSMC | SHR | 76 |
| TLR4 | VSMCs | SHR/ANG-II | 72 |
| TLR4 | Aorta | SHR/ANG-II | 72 and 74 |
| Increased expression or activity of the TLR ligand | |||
| miR-34a (TLR7) | Plasma | Patients with essential arterial hypertension | 97 |
| mtDNA (TLR9) | Serum | SHR | 81 |
| CpG-rich cell-free DNA (TLR9) | Serum | Patients with essential arterial hypertension | 82 |
| Genetic or therapeutic interventions targeting to TLRs resulting in reduced blood pressure | |||
| TLR2-deficient mice | Coronary artery | Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (basal BP levels) | 91 |
| TLR3-deficient mice | Heart and kidneys | ANG-II | 95 |
| Chloroquine (endosomal TLRs) | MRA | SHR | 84 and 85 |
| Hydroxychloroquine (endosomal TLRs) | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Thromboembolic events | 86 |
| Hydroxychloroquine (endosomal TLRs) | Aorta and kidney | Systemic lupus erythematosus mice | 87 |
| Anti-TLR4 | MRA and aorta | SHR | 71 and 72 |
| TLR4-deficient mice | Kidney | ANG-II | 75 |
CSMC, cavernosal smooth muscle cells; l-NAME, N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; MRA, mesenteric resistance artery.