Table 2 Association between OFDI parameters and recurrent restenosis 6 months after balloon angioplasty.
| Alla (n=18) | Recurrent restenosis at 6 months after balloon angioplasty | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presencea (n=8) | Absencea (n=10) | OR | 95%CI | p-valueb | ||
| [Lower, Upper] | ||||||
| (Before balloon angioplasty) | ||||||
| Lesion length, mm | 110.4±73.9 (18) | 142.5±96.1 (8) | 84.7±38.5 (10) | 1.01 | [1.00, 1.03] | 0.128 |
| Lumen area, mm2 | ||||||
| Maximum | 20.4±8.3 (18) | 20.6±8.3 (8) | 20.2±8.7 (10) | 1.01 | [0.90, 1.13] | 0.917 |
| Minimum | 4.3±3.5 (18) | 3.0±1.6 (8) | 5.4±4.3 (10) | 0.76 | [0.52, 1.13] | 0.171 |
| Average | 11.6±5.0 (18) | 10.9±4.3 (8) | 12.2±5.6 (10) | 0.94 | [0.77, 1.15] | 0.558 |
| Stent area, mm2 | ||||||
| Maximum | 36.9±9.7 (18) | 35.7±10.6 (8) | 38.0±9.3 (10) | 0.97 | [0.88, 1.08] | 0.605 |
| Minimum | 24.6±6.2 (18) | 25.2±6.4 (8) | 24.0±6.2 (10) | 1.03 | [0.88, 1.21] | 0.673 |
| Average | 30.5±6.6 (18) | 28.6±5.9 (8) | 32.2±7.1 (10) | 0.91 | [0.78, 1.07] | 0.252 |
| Average neointimal thickness, mm | 1.2±0.3 (18) | 1.2±0.2 (8) | 1.3±0.41 (10) | 0.46 | [0.03, 8.51] | 0.601 |
| Average neointimal area, mm2 | 18.9±5.1 (18) | 17.7±3.6 (8) | 19.9±6.0 (10) | 0.91 | [0.74, 1.11] | 0.343 |
| Neointimal reduction, mm2 | 5.7±3.2 (18) | 4.2±1.8 (8) | 6.9±3.6 (10) | 0.71 | [0.49, 1.04] | 0.082 |
| Percent of covered strut, % | 99.9±0.3 (18) | 100.0±0.1 (8) | 99.8±0.4 (10) | 17.8 | [0.03, >0.99] | 0.374 |
| Acute gain, mm | 8.9±4.7 (18) | 7.5±3.4 (8) | 10.1±5.4 (10) | 0.87 | [0.68, 1.10] | 0.247 |
| Layered ISR pattern, % | ||||||
| Presence | 7 (38.9%) | 4 (50.0%) | 3 (30.0%) | 2.33 | [0.34, 16.18] | 0.391 |
| Absence | 11 (61.1%) | 4 (50.0%) | 7 (70.0%) | |||
| Multi-layered ISR pattern, % | ||||||
| Presence | 7 (38.9%) | 5 (62.5%) | 2 (20.0%) | 6.67 | [0.81, 54.96] | 0.078 |
| Absence | 11 (61.1%) | 3 (37.5%) | 8 (80.0%) | |||
| Thrombus, % | ||||||
| Presence | 4 (22.2%) | 2 (25.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | 1.33 | [0.14, 12.37] | 0.800 |
| Absence | 14 (77.8%) | 6 (75.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | |||
| Vasa vasorum, % | ||||||
| Presence | 16 (88.9%) | 7 (87.5%) | 9 (90.0%) | 0.78 | [0.04, 14.75] | 0.867 |
| Absence | 2 (11.1%) | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (10.0%) | |||
| Macrophage accumulation, % | ||||||
| Presence | 11 (61.1%) | 6 (75.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | 3.00 | [0.40, 22.71] | 0.288 |
| Absence | 7 (38.9%) | 2 (25.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | |||
| (After balloon angioplasty) | ||||||
| Lumen area, mm | ||||||
| Maximum | 24.2±7.3 (18) | 23.0±7.8 (8) | 25.2±7.1 (10) | 0.96 | [0.84, 1.09] | 0.514 |
| Minimum | 13.4±4.1 (18) | 11.2±1.9 (8) | 15.1±4.7 (10) | 0.71 | [0.48, 1.04] | 0.077 |
| Average | 18.3±5.1 (45) | 15.8±3.5 (8) | 20.2±5.4 (10) | 0.80 | [0.63, 1.03] | 0.082 |
| Stent area, mm2 | ||||||
| Maximum | 36.8±8.5 (18) | 35.7±8.9 (8) | 37.7±8.6 (10) | 0.97 | [0.87, 1.09] | 0.613 |
| Minimum | 25.9±6.7 (18) | 24.1±5.5 (8) | 27.3±7.6 (10) | 0.92 | [0.79, 1.08] | 0.316 |
| Average | 31.5±7.0 (18) | 29.4±5.4 (8) | 33.3±7.9 (10) | 0.91 | [0.79, 1.06] | 0.243 |
| Average neointimal thickness, mmc | 0.7±0.1 (18) | 0.8±0.1 (8) | 0.7±0.13 (10) | — | [—, —] | — |
| Average neointimal area, mm2 | 13.2±3.0 (18) | 13.5±2.5 (8) | 13.0±3.5 (10) | 1.06 | [0.77, 1.46] | 0.728 |
| Neointimal volume, mm3 | 1,526.5±1,192.2 (18) | 2,032.5±1,479.5 (8) | 1,121.8±756.6 (10) | 1.00 | [0.49, 6.38] | 0.382 |
| Percent of covered strut, % | 99.2±1.7 (18) | 99.7±0.6 (8) | 98.8±2.3 (10) | 1.77 | [0.49, 6.38] | 0.382 |
| Dissection flap area, mm | ||||||
| Maximum | 1.0±0.8 (17) | 0.8±0.4 (7) | 1.1±1.0 (10) | 0.61 | [0.16, 2.39] | 0.479 |
| Minimumc | 0.1±0.1 (17) | 0.1±0.0 (7) | 0.1±0.1 (10) | — | [—, —] | — |
| Average | 0.4±0.3 (17) | 0.4±0.2 (7) | 0.5±0.3 (10) | 0.17 | [0.00, 11.75] | 0.415 |
The second column displays the OFDI parameters before and after balloon angioplasty. The OFDI parameters according to restenosis 6 months after balloon angioplasty are shown in the third and fourth columns. The odds ratio as a measurement of the relationship between restenosis 6 months after balloon angioplasty and each OFDI parameter, along with its 95% confidence interval and p value, are displayed in the fifth, sixth, and seventh columns. a Mean±standard deviation (n) for continuous variables; frequency count (%) for a categorical variable. b The p-values were calculated using a simple logistic regression. c Estimate computed by logistic regression is unstable because of complete separation. OFDI: optical frequency domain imaging; OR: odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Lower: lower limit; Upper: upper limit; ISR: in-stent restenosis